USorovako, osesiqhingini sase-Indonesia saseSulawesi, kungenye yezimayini ezinkulu kakhulu ze-nickel emhlabeni. I-nickel iyingxenye engabonakali yezinto eziningi zansuku zonke: iyanyamalala ngensimbi engenasici, izinto zokushisa emishini yasendlini kanye nama-electrodes kumabhethri. Yakhiwa eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili edlule lapho amagquma azungeze uSorovako aqala ukubonakala emaphutheni asebenzayo. I-Latem - inhlabathi ecebile ku-iron oxide ne-nickel - yakhiwa ngenxa yokuguguleka okungapheli kwezimvula ezishisayo. Lapho ngishayela isithuthuthu phezulu egqumeni, umhlabathi washeshe washintsha umbala waba obomvu ngemivimbo yegazi. Ngabona isitshalo se-nickel uqobo, i-chimney enombala onsundu onothuli usayizi wedolobha. Amaloli amancane amathayela asayizi wemoto aqothulwe. Imigwaqo enqunywe ngamagquma abomvu abunjiwe kanye namanetha amakhulu avimbela ukufutheka komhlaba. Inkampani yaseMidmedes-Benz enamabhasi amabili ethwala abasebenzi. Ifulegi lenkampani lishaywe ngamaloli e-Pickup enkampani kanye nama-ambulensi angaphandle komgwaqo. Umhlaba uHilly futhi unamagquma, futhi umhlaba obomvu wasefulethini ugoqwa ku-zigzag trapezoid. Isiza sigadwe ngocingo oluvinjelwe, amasango, amalambu omgwaqo kanye namaphoyisa ezinkampani angena endaweni yemvume cishe ngosayizi waseLondon.
Imayini isetshenziswa yi-PT Vale, okuyingxenye ephethwe nguhulumeni base-Indonesia naseBrazil, ngezibalo ezigcinwe yiCanada, amaJapan nakwezinye izinye izinkampani zamazwe ahlukahlukene. I-Indonesia ngumkhiqizi omkhulu we-nickel omkhulu emhlabeni, futhi uVale ungumgodi wesibili ngobukhulu be-nickel ngemuva kweNorilsk nickel, inkampani yaseRussia ethuthukisa amadiphozishi aseSiberia. NgoMashi, kulandela ukuhlaselwa kweRussia e-Ukraine, amanani entengo e-nickel aphindwe kabili ngosuku lokuhweba eLondon Metal Exchange wamiswa ngesonto. Imicimbi efana nale yenza abantu bathande i-Elon MUSK NgoMeyi, wahlangana noMongameli wase-Indonesia uJoko Windodo ukuxoxa ngokuthi "ukubambisana" okungenzeka. Unentshisekelo ngoba izimoto zikagesi ezinde zidinga i-nickel. Ibhethri leTesla liqukethe amakhilogremu angama-40. Ngokusobala, uhulumeni wase-Indonesia unesifiso esikhulu sokuthuthela ezimotweni zikagesi nezinhlelo zokwandisa izenzelelo zezimayini. Okwamanje, uVale uhlose ukwakha ama-Smelters amasha amabili eSorovaco futhi athuthukise omunye wabo.
Imayini ye-nickel e-Indonesia yintuthuko entsha. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, uhulumeni wamakoloni ama-Dutch East Indies waqala ukuba nentshisekelo 'eziqhingini ezihlanzekile', iziqhingi ezingezona ne-stura, ezakha inqwaba yesiqhingi. Ngo-1915, unjiniyela wamamayini wamaDashi u-Eduard Abendanon wabika ukuthi uthole idiphozithi ye-nickel eSorovako. Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili kamuva, i- "Elves" yakwa-HR "i-Elves, isazi sokuma komhlaba nenkampani yaseCanada Inco, yafika yamba umgodi wokuhlola. E-Ontario, Inco Sebenzisa i-nickel ukwenza izinhlamvu zemali nezingxenye zezikhali, amabhomu, imikhumbi namafekthri. Imizamo ye-Elves yokunwebeka eSulawesi yaphazanyiswa ukuhlaselwa kwamaJapane kwe-Indonesia ngo-1942. Kuze kube yilapho ukubuya kwe-INCO ngawo-1960, i-nickel yayingathinteki kakhulu.
Ngokuwina imvume yeSorovaco ngo-1968, incto yanethemba lokuzuza ngokuchichima kwezivumelwano zokuthumela ezishibhile kanye nenzuzo. Uhlelo lwaluwukwakha i-smelter, idamula ukulisondla, kanye ne-QEARY, futhi ukuletha abasebenzi baseCanada ukuba bakuphathe konke. I-Inco yayifuna ukumiswa okuphephile kwabaphathi babo, indawo engaphansi kweNyakatho YaseNyakatho Melika ehlathini lase-Indonesia. Ukuyakha, baqashe amalungu e-Indonesia engokomoya yokunyakaza. Umholi wayo nomsunguli nguMuhammad Subheh, owayesebenza njenge-accountant eJava ngawo-1920s. Uthi ngobunye ubusuku, lapho ehamba, ibhola elibi lokukhanya liwela ekhanda lakhe. Lokhu kwenzeka kuye ubusuku obuningana iminyaka eminingana, futhi, kwavuleka "ukuxhumana phakathi kwamandla aphezulu agcwalisa yonke indawo nomphefumulo womuntu." Ngawo-1950s, wayethole ukunaka kukaJohn Bennett, umlandeli wamafutha waseBrithani wamafutha eBritil Fuel Omhlolisweni we-Mystic Gurtjieff. UBennett wamema u-Suuh waya eNgilandi ngo-1957 futhi wabuyela eJakarta neqembu elisha labafundi baseYurophu nase-Australia.
Ngo-1966, inhlangano yakha i-Inteptigenegeged Firm ebizwa ngokuthi abahlinzeki bemiklamo yamazwe omhlaba, eyakha izikole nezakhiwo zamahhovisi eJakarta (futhi yaklama necebo elikhulu le-Darling Harbour eSydney). Uhlongoza i-experactivist etopia eSorovako, ehlukaniswe ngokuvalelwa kusuka kwabase-Indonesia, kude neziyaluyalu zezimayini, kepha zinikezwe ngokuphelele yizo. Ngo-1975, umphakathi ogayiwe esitolo, izinkantolo zethenisi kanye neklabhu yeli-Golf yazisebenzi zakwamanye amazwe zazakhiwe amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka eSorovako. Amaphoyisa azimele aqaphe umhlane nokungena esitolo. I-INCO inikezela ngogesi, amanzi, ama-air conditioners, izingcingo kanye nokudla okungenisiwe. NgokukaKatherine may Robinson, udokotela ongumsebenzi owenze umsebenzi wasensimini lapho phakathi kuka-1977 no-1981, "abesifazane baseBermuda shorts kanye nama-buns bezohamba baye esitolo sokuthenga i-pizza.
Ukuvalelwa kusagadwe namanje kubhalwe phansi. Manje abaholi base-Indonesia abasezingeni eliphezulu bahlala lapho, endlini enensimu egcinwe kahle. Kepha izikhala zomphakathi zigcwele ukhula, usimende oqhekekile, kanye nezinkundla zokudlala ezigqwala. Amanye ama-bunglows ashiywe futhi amahlathi athathe indawo yawo. Ngatshelwa ukuthi lesi sikhala singumphumela wokutholwa kukaVale kwe-INCO ngo-2006 kanye nokuhamba kusuka ku-Full-time to contract umsebenzi kanye nabasebenzi abengeziwe abasebenza ngokugcwele. Umehluko phakathi kwamadolobhana kanye noSorovako manje ususekelwe ekilasini: Abaphathi bahlala emadolobheni angaphansi komhlaba, abasebenzi bahlala edolobheni.
Imvume ngokwayo ayinakufinyeleleka, inamakhilomitha-skwele acishe abe ngu-12,000 wezintaba ezinamahlathi azungezwe uthango. Amasango amaningana adalulwe futhi imigwaqo ihanjiswa. Indawo enezimayini ezisebenzayo - cishe amakhilomitha ayi-75 - abiyelwe ngocingo oluvinjelwe. Ngobunye ubusuku ngangigibela phezulu kwezithuthuthu zami futhi ngime. Angibonanga inqwaba ye-slag ifihliwe ngemuva kwegiya, kodwa ngabuka izinsalela ze-smelt, ezaziseduze nokushisa kweLava, zigele phansi intaba. Kwaqhamuka ukukhanya kwe-orange, khona-ke ifu lasukuma ebumnyameni, lisakazeka laze lashaywa ngumoya. Njalo ngemizuzu embalwa, ukuqhuma okusha okwenziwe ngabantu kukhanyisa isibhakabhaka.
Ukuphela kwendlela okungebona abasebenzi abangakwazi ukwehla emayini ngeLake Matano, ngakho-ke ngathatha isikebhe. Ngemuva kwalokho u-Amose, owayehlala ogwini, wangiholela emasimini opelepele, saze safika esinyeni salokho okwake kwaba yintaba futhi manje sekuyinkanyezi. Kwesinye isikhathi ungenza uhambo lokuya endaweni yemvelaphi, futhi mhlawumbe yilapho ingxenye ye-nickel ivela khona ezintweni eziba nesandla ekuhambeni kwami: izimoto, izindiza, ama-scooters, ama-laptops, izingcingo.
Editor London Review of Books, 28 Little Russell Street London, WC1A 2HNletters@lrb.co.uk Please provide name, address and telephone number.
The Editor London Review of Books 28 Little Russell Street London, WC1A 2HN Letters@lrb.co.uk Please provide name, address and phone number
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