Ifomula Yamakhemikhali
Ni
Izihloko Ezihlanganisiwe
Ingemuva
Kuhlanzekile ngokwezentengiselwano nomai-nickel ephansi ye-alloyithola ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuyinhloko ekucubungulweni kwamakhemikhali kanye ne-elekthronikhi.
Ukumelana Nokugqwala
Ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala kwe-nickel emsulwa, ikakhulukazi kumakhemikhali ahlukahlukene okunciphisa futhi ikakhulukazi kuma-alkali abangela ukonakala, i-nickel isetshenziselwa ukugcina ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ezindleleni eziningi zamakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi ekucutshungulweni kokudla kanye nokukhiqizwa kwefayibha yokwenziwa.
Izakhiwo zeNickel Ehlanzekile Yezentengiselwano
Uma kuqhathaniswaama-alloy e-nickel, i-nickel emsulwa ngokwezentengiselwano inomoya ophakeme kagesi, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu le-Curie kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle ze-magnetostrictive. I-nickel isetshenziselwa izintambo ze-elekthronikhi, izingxenye zebhethri, ama-thyratron kanye nama-electrode ahlabayo.
I-Nickel nayo inomoya omuhle wokushisa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingasetshenziswa kuma-heat exchanger ezindaweni ezigqwalisayo.
Ithebula 1. Izakhiwo zeI-Nickel 200, izinga elihlanzekile kwezentengiselwano (99.6% Ni).
| Impahla | Inani | |
| Amandla Okudonsa Ahlanganisiwe ku-20°C | 450MPa | |
| Ukucindezeleka Kobufakazi Obungu-0.2% Okufakwe ku-Annealed ku-20°C | 150MPa | |
| Ukwelulwa (%) | 47 | |
| Ubuningi | 8.89g/cm3 | |
| Uhla Lokuncibilika | 1435-1446°C | |
| Ukushisa Okuqondile | 456 J/kg. °C | |
| Izinga lokushisa le-Curie | 360°C | |
| Ukuvunyelwa okulinganiselwe | Isiqalo | 110 |
| Ubuningi | 600 | |
| Ukusebenza kahle uma kunwetshwa (20-100°C) | 13.3×10-6m/m.°C | |
| Ukuqhuba Okushisayo | 70W/m.°C | |
| Ukumelana Nogesi | 0.096×10-6ohm.m | |
Ukwenziwa kweNickel
I-Annealedi-nickelinobulukhuni obuphansi kanye nokuqina okuhle. I-nickel, njengegolide, isiliva kanye nethusi, inesilinganiso esiphansi sokuqina komsebenzi, okungukuthi ayivami ukuba lukhuni futhi iqhekeke uma igobile noma ikhubazeke ngenye indlela njengezinye izinsimbi eziningi. Lezi zimfanelo, kuhlangene nokushibilika okuhle, kwenza insimbi ibe lula ukuyibumba ibe yizinto eziqediwe.
I-Nickel ku-Chromium Plating
I-Nickel ivame ukusetshenziswa njengengubo engaphansi kwe-chromium plating yokuhlobisa. Umkhiqizo ongavuthiwe, njengokwenziwa ngethusi noma nge-zinc casting noma ukucindezela ngensimbi yeshidi kuqala umbozwa ngesendlalelo se-i-nickelcishe ubukhulu obungu-20µm. Lokhu kuyinika ukumelana nokugqwala. Ungqimba lokugcina luyi-'flash' encane kakhulu (1-2µm) ye-chromium ukuze inike umbala nokumelana nokugqwala okubhekwa njengokufiseleka kakhulu ezitsheni ezifakwe amapulangwe. I-Chromium yodwa ingaba nokumelana nokugqwala okungamukeleki ngenxa yemvelo evamile yokuba nezimbobo ze-chromium electroplate.
Ithebula Lempahla
| Izinto | I-Nickel – Izakhiwo, Ukwenziwa kanye Nokusetshenziswa kwe-Nickel Ehlanzekile Ngokwezentengiselwano |
|---|---|
| Ukwakheka: | >99% Ni noma ngaphezulu |
| Impahla | Inani Eliphansi (SI) | Inani Eliphezulu (SI) | Amayunithi (SI) | Inani Eliphansi (Imp.) | Inani Eliphezulu (Imp.) | Amayunithi (Imp.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ivolumu ye-Atomic (isilinganiso) | 0.0065 | 0.0067 | m3/kmol | 396.654 | 408.859 | ku-3/kmol |
| Ubuningi | 8.83 | 8.95 | I-Mg/m3 | 551.239 | 558.731 | lb/ft3 |
| Okuqukethwe Kwamandla | 230 | 690 | I-MJ/kg | 24917.9 | 74753.7 | kcal/lb |
| I-Bulk Modulus | 162 | 200 | I-GPa | 23.4961 | 29.0075 | 106 psi |
| Amandla Okucindezela | 70 | 935 | I-MPa | 10.1526 | 135.61 | ksi |
| Ukuguquguquka | 0.02 | 0.6 | 0.02 | 0.6 | ||
| Umkhawulo Wokunwebeka | 70 | 935 | I-MPa | 10.1526 | 135.61 | ksi |
| Umkhawulo Wokukhuthazela | 135 | 500 | I-MPa | 19.5801 | 72.5188 | ksi |
| Ukuqina Kokuphuka | 100 | 150 | I-MPa.m1/2 | 91.0047 | 136.507 | ksi.in1/2 |
| Ubulukhuni | 800 | 3000 | I-MPa | 116.03 | 435.113 | ksi |
| Isilinganiso Sokulahlekelwa | 0.0002 | 0.0032 | 0.0002 | 0.0032 | ||
| I-Modulus of Rupture | 70 | 935 | I-MPa | 10.1526 | 135.61 | ksi |
| Isilinganiso sikaPoisson | 0.305 | 0.315 | 0.305 | 0.315 | ||
| I-Shear Modulus | 72 | 86 | I-GPa | 10.4427 | 12.4732 | 106 psi |
| Amandla Okudonsa | 345 | 1000 | I-MPa | 50.038 | 145.038 | ksi |
| I-Modulus kaYoung | 190 | 220 | I-GPa | 27.5572 | 31.9083 | 106 psi |
| Izinga lokushisa lengilazi | K | °F | ||||
| Ukushisa Okucashile Kokuhlanganiswa | 280 | 310 | kJ/kg | 120.378 | 133.275 | I-BTU/lb |
| Izinga Lokushisa Eliphezulu Lesevisi | 510 | 640 | K | 458.33 | 692.33 | °F |
| Indawo Yokuncibilika | 1708 | 1739 | K | 2614.73 | 2670.53 | °F |
| Izinga Lokushisa Eliphansi Lesevisi | 0 | 0 | K | -459.67 | -459.67 | °F |
| Ukushisa Okuqondile | 452 | 460 | J/kg.K | 0.349784 | 0.355975 | I-BTU/lb.F |
| Ukuqhuba Okushisayo | 67 | 91 | I-W/mK | 125.426 | 170.355 | I-BTU.ft/h.ft2.F |
| Ukwanda Kokushisa | 12 | 13.5 | 10-6/K | 21.6 | 24.3 | 10-6/°F |
| Amathuba Okuwohloka | I-MV/m | I-V/mil | ||||
| I-Dielectric Constant | ||||||
| Ukumelana | 8 | 10 | 10-8 ohm.m | 8 | 10 | 10-8 ohm.m |
| Izakhiwo Zemvelo | |
|---|---|
| Izici Zokumelana | 1=Kubi 5=Kuhle kakhulu |
| Ukuvutha | 5 |
| Amanzi Amasha | 5 |
| Izinyibilikisi Zemvelo | 5 |
| Ukushiswa kwe-oksijini ku-500C | 5 |
| Amanzi Olwandle | 5 |
| I-Acid Eqinile | 4 |
| Ama-Alkali Aqinile | 5 |
| UV | 5 |
| Gqoka | 4 |
| I-asidi Ebuthakathaka | 5 |
| Ama-Alkali Abuthakathaka | 5 |
Umthombo: Kucashunwe ku-Handbook of Engineering Materials, Uhlelo lwesi-5.
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngalo mthombo sicela uvakasheleIsikhungo Sobunjiniyela Bezinto Zokusebenza e-Australasia.
I-Nickel ngesimo sezinto eziyisisekelo noma exutshwe nezinye izinsimbi nezinto zokwakha ibe negalelo elikhulu emphakathini wethu wanamuhla futhi ithembisa ukuqhubeka nokunikeza izinto zokwakha ikusasa elinzima nakakhulu. I-Nickel ibilokhu iyinsimbi ebalulekile ezimbonini eziningi ngesizathu esilula sokuthi iyinto eguquguqukayo kakhulu ezoxutshwa nezinye izinsimbi eziningi.
I-Nickel iyisici esiguquguqukayo futhi izoxubana nezinsimbi eziningi. Ama-alloy e-nickel ayi-alloy ene-nickel njengesici esiyinhloko. Ukuncibilika okuqinile okuphelele kukhona phakathi kwe-nickel nethusi. Ukuncibilika okubanzi phakathi kwensimbi, i-chromium, ne-nickel kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlanganiswa kwe-alloy okuningi. Ukuguquguquka kwayo okuphezulu, kuhlanganiswe nokumelana kwayo nokushisa okuvelele nokugqwala kuholele ekusetshenzisweni kwayo ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo; njenge-Aircraft gas turbines, ama-turbines e-steam ezitshalweni zamandla kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo kabanzi emakethe yamandla neyamandla enuzi.
Izicelo kanye nezici ze-Nickel Alloys
Ni-alloy ye-ickel ne-nickelszisetshenziselwa izinhlobo eziningi zezicelo, iningi lazo elihilela ukumelana nokugqwala kanye/noma ukumelana nokushisa. Ezinye zalezi zifaka:
- Ama-turbine egesi ezindiza
- Izitshalo zamandla e-turbine enomusi
- Izicelo zezokwelapha
- Izinhlelo zamandla enuzi
- Izimboni zamakhemikhali kanye ne-petrochemical
- Izingxenye Zokushisa Nokumelana
- Ama-Isolator nama-Actuator okuxhumana
- Amapulagi e-Spark ezimoto
- Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushisela
- Amakhebula Kagesi
Ezinye eziningiizinhlelo zokusebenza ze-nickel alloyskuhilela izakhiwo eziyingqayizivele zomzimba zama-alloy asekelwe ku-nickel noma ane-nickel ephezulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Ama-alloy okumelana kagesi
- Ama-alloy e-nickel-chromiumfuthiAma-alloy e-nickel-chromium-iron
- Ama-alloy ethusi ne-nickelamakhebula okushisa
- Ama-Alloys e-Thermocouplekwezinzwa nezintambo
- I-alloy ye-Nickel CopperYokuluka-Ukuthunga
- Ama-alloy anamandla athambile
- Ama-alloy okwandisa okulawulwayo
- Izinto Zokugcwalisa Ukushisela
- Ucingo lwe-Dumetuphawu lwengilazi kuya kwensimbi
- Insimbi Embozwe Nge-Nickel
- Ama-alloy okukhanyisa
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-04-2021
