Intambo ene-enameled iwumkhiqizo oyinhloko wenjini, izinto zikagesi kanye nempahla yasendlini. Ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yamuva nje, imboni yamandla kagesi iye yazuza ukukhula okuqhubekayo nokushesha, futhi ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwemishini yasendlini ilethe insimu ebanzi yokusetshenziswa kwentambo enoqweqwe oluqinile, okulandelwa yizidingo eziphakeme zocingo olungenantambo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, akunakugwenywa ukulungisa isakhiwo somkhiqizo wocingo olunamele, kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa (ithusi ne-lacquer), inqubo ene-enameled, imishini yokucubungula kanye nezindlela zokuthola nazo zinesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuthuthukiswa nokucwaninga [1].
Njengamanje, kunabakhiqizi abangaphezu kwe-1000 bocingo olungenasici e-China, futhi umthamo wonyaka wokukhiqiza udlule amathani angama-250000 ~ 300000. Kodwa uma sikhuluma nje, isimo socingo lwaseShayina olunamazinyo siwukuphindaphinda kwezinga eliphansi, ngokuvamile, “okuphumayo okuphezulu, izinga eliphansi, okokusebenza okubuyela emuva”. Kulesi simo, izintambo ezinameleli ezisezingeni eliphezulu zempahla yasendlini zisadinga ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe, ingasaphathwa eyokubamba iqhaza emqhudelwaneni wezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe. Ngakho-ke, kufanele siphindaphinde imizamo yethu yokuguqula isimo esikhona, ukuze ubuchwepheshe bocingo lwaseShayina olungenasici bukwazi ukuhambisana nesidingo semakethe, futhi luqhudelane ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene
1) I-acetal enameled wire
I-acetal enamelled wire ingenye yezinhlobo zokuqala emhlabeni. Yafakwa emakethe yiJalimane ne-United States ngo-1930. ISoviet Union nayo yathuthuka ngokushesha. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-polyvinyl esemthethweni kanye ne-polyvinyl acetal. I-China nayo yazifunda ngempumelelo ngeminyaka yawo-1960. Nakuba izinga lokushisa lokumelana nokushisa kocingo olunamanzi liphansi (105 ° C, 120 ° C), lisetshenziswa kakhulu ku-transformer ecwiliswe uwoyela ngenxa yokumelana kwayo okuhle kakhulu nokushisa kwe-hydrolysis. Lesi sici siphawulwe yiwo wonke amazwe emhlabeni. Njengamanje, kusenenani elincane lokukhiqiza e-China, ikakhulukazi ucingo oluyisicaba lwe-acetal olusetshenziselwa ukwenza i-transposed conductor ye-transformer enkulu [1].
2) Intambo ye-polyester enameled
Maphakathi nawo-1950, iNtshonalanga Jalimane yaqala ukwenza upende we-polyester enameled ngocingo olusekelwe ku-dimethyl terephthalate. Ngenxa yokumelana nokushisa kwayo okuhle namandla emishini, izinhlobonhlobo zenqubo yokwenza upende kanye nenani eliphansi, isibe umkhiqizo oyinhloko obusa imakethe yezintambo ezinoqweqwe oluqinile kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1950. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo okushisayo kanye ne-hydrolysis elula ngaphansi kwezimo eziphakeme zokushisa nezimo eziphezulu zomswakama, ucingo lwe-polyester enameled njenge-coating olulodwa lwalungasakhiqizwa eNtshonalanga Jalimane nase-United States ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970, kodwa lusakhiqizwa futhi lusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinkulu. amanani eJapan, China naseNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia. Izibalo zango-1986 zibonisa ukuthi ukukhishwa kwentambo ye-polyester enameled e-China kubalelwa ku-96.4% wesamba esiphumayo. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-10 yemizamo, izinhlobonhlobo zezintambo ezinoqweqwe lwazo zenziwe, kodwa kunegebe elikhulu uma liqhathaniswa namazwe athuthukile.
Mningi umsebenzi owenziwe ekuguqulweni kwe-polyester e-China, okuhlanganisa ukuguqulwa kwe-THEIC kanye nokuguqulwa kwe-imine. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokulungiswa kancane kwesakhiwo kocingo olungenantambo, ukukhiqizwa kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zikapende kusekuncane. Kuze kube manje, ukwehla kwe-voltage yocingo olunamele lwe-polyester olushintshiwe kusadinga ukunakwa.
3) Polyurethane wire koqweqwe lwawo
I-polyurethane enamelled wire paint yathuthukiswa yi-Bayer ngo-1937. Isetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni we-electronics kanye nezinto zikagesi ngenxa ye-solderability yayo eqondile, ukumelana nemvamisa ephezulu kanye nokudaya. Njengamanje, amazwe angaphandle anaka kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni izinga lokumelana nokushisa kwe-polyurethane enameled wire ngaphandle kokuthinta ukusebenza kwayo kwe-welding eqondile. EYurophu, e-United States, iJapane isungule i-F-class, i-H-class polyurethane yocingo olunamele. Ngenxa yokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwamasethi we-TV enemibala, intambo enoqweqwe lwe-polyurethane enephinifa elikhulu elingenasawoti likasawoti lombala we-TV FBT eyakhiwe yi-Japan idonse ukunaka kwawo wonke amazwe emhlabeni, futhi isangaphambi kwe-Japan.
Ukuthuthukiswa kocingo lwasekhaya lwe-polyurethane enameled kuhamba kancane. Nakuba upende ovamile we-polyurethane ukhiqizwa ezinye izimboni, ngenxa yokungacutshunguki kahle, izinga eliphezulu nezinye izinkinga, upende ungeniswa ikakhulukazi kwamanye amazwe. I-polyurethane yeBanga F lakhiwe eShayina, kodwa awekho amandla okukhiqiza asenziwe. Upende wamahhala we-polyurethane we-pinhole omkhulu uthuthukiswe ngempumelelo futhi wafakwa emakethe, ikakhulukazi usetshenziselwa ukwenza ikhoyili ye-FBT ye-TV emnyama nemhlophe.
4) I-Polyesterimide yocingo olunamele
Ngenxa yokwenziwa ngcono kokumelana nokushisa ngokuguqulwa kwe-polyesterimide, inani lezintambo ezinoqweqwe lwe-polyesterimide emhlabeni liye landa kakhulu kusukela ngawo-1970. E-Europe naseMelika, intambo enoqweqwe lwawo isithathe indawo yocingo olunamelelo olulodwa lwe-polyester. Njengamanje, imikhiqizo emele emhlabeni iyimikhiqizo yochungechunge lwe-terebe FH evela eJalimane kanye nemikhiqizo yochungechunge lwe-isomid evela e-United States. Ngaso leso sikhathi, sisungule ucingo olunameleli oluqondile lwe-polyesterimide oluthengiswayo, olusetshenziswe kabanzi njengokusongelwa kwemoto encane, ukwenza kube lula inqubo yokushisela nokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza imoto. Amanye amaJapane aphinde asebenzise upende oqondile we-polyesterimide odayiswayo njengesiqalo socingo olunamathelayo oluzinamathelayo lwekhoyili yokuchezuka ye-TV yombala, okwenza inqubo ibe lula. Upende wasekhaya we-polyesterimide wethule ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuvela eJalimane nase-Italy, futhi uthuthukiswe ngempumelelo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokungaqini kwezinto zokusetshenziswa nezinye izizathu, inani elikhulu likapende wasekhaya we-polyesterimide osetshenziswa njenge-composite yocingo olunameleli oluqinile olungamelana nesiqandisi lisathembele ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe. Inombolo encane kuphela yezintambo ezine-enameled zokugqoka ze-polyesterimide ezifakwe ngopende wasekhaya, kodwa ukungazinzi kwe-voltage kuseyinkinga yabakhiqizi. Upende oqondile we-polyesterimide odayiswayo uthuthukiswe ngempumelelo yi-Cable Research Institute.
5) I-Polyimide yocingo olunamele
I-Polyimide iwupende olungenantambo oluqinile olukwazi ukumelana nokushisa kakhulu phakathi kwezintambo ezinoqweqwe lwawo lwemvelo njengamanje, futhi izinga lokushisa layo lesikhathi eside lingafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-220 ° C. Upende wathuthukiswa yi-United States ngo-1958. I-Polyimide enameled wire inokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu. , ukumelana okuhle kwe-solvent kanye nokumelana nesiqandisi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphakeme, ukuzinza okungalungile kwesitoreji kanye nobuthi, ukusetshenziswa kwayo okubanzi kuyathinteka. Njengamanje, ucingo olunameleli lusetshenziswa ezikhathini ezithile ezikhethekile, njengemoto yemayini yamalahle, insimbi yesikhala nokunye.
6) I-Polyamide imide upende
Ipende ye-Polyamide imide iwuhlobo lopende olungenantambo olunoqweqwe oluqinile olusebenza ngokungathathi hlangothi, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, izakhiwo zemishini, ukumelana nesiqandisi kanye nokumelana namakhemikhali, ngakho inedumela lenkosi yopende olungenantambo. Njengamanje, upende usetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi izakhiwo zawo eziyingqayizivele, futhi usetshenziswa kabanzi njengejazi eliphezulu le-composite coating wire enameled ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokushisa kocingo oluhlanganisiwe nokunciphisa izindleko. Njengamanje, isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukumboza ucingo oluqinile oluqinile e-China, futhi inani elincane lalo pende likhiqizwa e-China, elithunyelwa ikakhulukazi e-United States, e-Italy naseJalimane.
7) I-composite enamathela ngocingo olungenasici
Isendlalelo sokufakwa kwenhlanganisela ehlanganisiwe ngokuvamile sisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa izinga lokumelana nezinga lokushisa futhi kuthuthukiswe inhloso ekhethekile yocingo olunameleli. Uma kuqhathaniswa nocingo olulodwa olucwengekile olunamathelayo, ucingo oluhlanganisiwe oluyinhlanganisela lunezinzuzo ezilandelayo: (1) lungahlangabezana nezidingo ezikhethekile zohlelo lokusebenza, njengocingo olunamathelayo olunamathelayo lwesakhiwo esingenafreyimu esiyinkimbinkimbi, intambo engamelana nesiqandisi engazweli yesiqandisi kanye ne-compressor ye-air conditioner. , njll., okungahlangatshezwana nakho ngesakhiwo sokuhlanganisa esiyinhlanganisela; (2) ingathuthukisa futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kwesevisi ngokuhlanganiswa kwezingqimba ezihlukahlukene zokufaka ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza, isibonelo, i-polyester / inayiloni eyinhlanganisela yocingo oluhlanganisiwe ithuthukisa ukusebenza kokushaqeka okushisayo kanye nokusebenza kokusonga, okulungele inqubo yokucwilisa okushisayo. , futhi ingasetshenziselwa ama-motor windings nge-overheating esheshayo ngenxa yokugcwala ngokweqile; (3) inganciphisa izindleko zezinye izintambo ezinoqweqwe oluqinile, njenge-polyester imide ne-polyamide imide eyinhlanganisela yocingo olunamelelo oluthatha indawo yocingo olunamelelo olulodwa lwe-polyamide imide, olunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko.

ukuhlukaniswa
1.1 ngokuya nge-insulation material
1.1.1 i-acetal enameled wire
1.1.2 Intambo yokugoqa ngopende we-polyester
1.1.3 i-polyurethane coating wire
1.1.4 Intambo yokugoqa ye-polyester eguquliwe
1.1.5 ucingo lwe-polyester imimide enameled
1.1.6 i-polyester / i-polyamide imide ucingo olunamele
1.1.7 intambo enoqweqwe lwe-polyimide
1.2 ngokwenhloso yocingo olungenantambo
1.2.1 Inhloso evamile ngocingo olungenasici (umugqa ovamile): lusetshenziselwa kakhulu izintambo ezisongayo ezimotweni ezivamile, izinto zikagesi, amathuluzi, ama-transformer nezinye izikhathi zokusebenza, njengocingo lokugoqa ngopende we-polyester kanye nolayini wokugoqa wopende we-polyester oguquliwe.
1.2.2 Ulayini wokunamathela okumelana nokushisa: izintambo ezivunguzayo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu enjini, izinto zikagesi, amathuluzi, ama-transformer nezinye izikhathi zokusebenza, njenge-polyester imimide coating wire, i-polyimide coating wire, i-polyester paint line, i-polyester imimide / i-polyamide imide umugqa wokuhlanganisa oyinhlanganisela .
1.2.3 Intambo enoqweqwe olukhethekile lwenhloso ekhethekile: ibhekisela ocingweni olusongayo olunezici ezithile zekhwalithi futhi lusetshenziswa ezikhathini ezithile, njengocingo lokugoqa ngopende we-polyurethane (indawo yokushisela eqondile), intambo yokugoqa ngopende ozinamathelayo.
1.3 ngokwempahla yomqhubi, ihlukaniswe ngocingo lwethusi, i-aluminium wire kanye ne-alloy wire.
1.4 ngokuya ngesimo sezinto ezibonakalayo, ihlukaniswe yaba umugqa oyindilinga, umugqa oyisicaba kanye nomugqa ongenalutho.
I-1.5 ngokuya ngokuqina kwe-insulation
1.5.1 umugqa oyindilinga: izacile Ifilimu-1, ifilimu ewugqinsi-2, ifilimu eqinisiwe-3 (izinga likazwelonke).
1.5.2 umugqa oyisicaba: upende ojwayelekile Ifilimu-1, ifilimu kapende elijiyile-2.
Ulayini wotshwala
Ucingo (isb. ilokhi) oluzinamathelayo ngaphansi kotshwala
Ulayini womoya oshisayo
Ucingo (isb. i-PEI) oluzinamathelayo ngaphansi kwesenzo sokushisa
Intambo ekabili
Intambo ezinamathelayo ngaphansi kwesenzo sotshwala noma ukushisa
Indlela yokumela
1. uphawu + ikhodi
1.1 ikhodi yochungechunge: ukwakheka kokusonteka kwe-enameled: i-q-paper wrapping wire: Z
1.2 Impahla ye-conductor: I-Conductor yethusi: t (eshiyiwe) i-aluminium conductor: l
1.3 Izinto zokufakelwa:
Y. I-polyamide (inayiloni ehlanzekile) e-acetal, izinga lokushisa eliphansi i-polyurethane B i-polyurethane f i-polyurethane, i-polyester h i-polyurethane, i-polyester imides, i-polyester eguquliwe ne-polyamide imide i-polyester eyinhlanganisela noma i-polyesterimide polyamide imide r i-polyamide imide i-polyimide C-aryl polyimide
Upende osekelwe kuwoyela: Y (okhishiwe) upende we-polyester: Z upende we-polyester oshintshiwe: Z (g) upende we-acetal: Upende we-acetal Q: upende we-polyurethane: upende we-polyamide: X upende we-polyimide: y upende we-epoxy: H upende we-polyester imimide: ZY polyamide imide: XY
1.4 izici zekhondatha: umugqa oyisicaba: umugqa oyindilinga b-umugqa: Y (okhishiwe) umugqa ongenalutho: K
1.5 ubukhulu befilimu: umugqa oyindilinga: izacile Ifilimu-1 ifilimu ewugqinsi-2 ifilimu ejiyile-3 umugqa oyisicaba: ojwayelekile Ifilimu-1 ifilimu elijiyile-2
1.6 Ibanga elishisayo livezwa ngu/xxx
2. imodeli
2.1 imodeli yomkhiqizo womugqa ocwebeziwe iqanjwe ngenhlanganisela yohlamvu lwe-pinyin lwesiShayina nezinombolo zesi-Arabhu: ukwakheka kwayo kuhlanganisa izingxenye ezilandelayo. Izingxenye ezingenhla zihlangene ngokulandelana, okuyimodeli yomkhiqizo womugqa wephakheji yepende.
3. imodeli + ukucaciswa + inombolo evamile
3.1 izibonelo zokumelwa komkhiqizo
A. Intambo eyindilinga yensimbi ene-polyester enoqweqwe lwawo, ifilimu kapende eliwugqinsi, izinga lokushisa elingu-130, ububanzi obungajwayelekile obungu-1.000mm, ngokuya ngezinga le-gb6i09.7-90, ivezwa ngokuthi: qz-2 / 130 1.000 gb6109.7-90
B. Ama-imides e-Polyester ambozwe ngocingo oluyisicaba lwensimbi, ifilimu kapende evamile, enezinga lokushisa elingu-180, uhlangothi a luka-2.000mm, uhlangothi B luka-6.300mm, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-gb/t7095.4-1995, evezwa kanje: qzyb-1/180 2.000 x6.300 gb/t7995.4-1995
3.2 Isiqu sethusi esiyindilinga esingenawo umoya-mpilo
Intambo ene-enameled
Intambo ene-enameled
3.2.1 ikhodi yochungechunge: isigxobo sethusi esiyindilinga sobunjiniyela bakagesi
3.2.3 ngokuya ngezici zesimo: isimo esithambile R, isimo esiqinile y
3.2.4 ngokwezici zokusebenza: izinga 1-1, izinga 2-2
3.2.5 imodeli yomkhiqizo, ukucaciswa kanye nenombolo ejwayelekile
Isibonelo: ububanzi bungu-6.7mm, futhi isigaba 1 induku yethusi eqinile engenawo umoya-mpilo oyindilinga ivezwa njenge-twy-16.7 gb3952.2-89
3.3 ucingo lwethusi olungenalutho
3.3.1 ucingo lwethusi olungenalutho: t
3.3.2 ngokuya ngezici zesimo: isimo esithambile R, isimo esiqinile y
3.3.3 ngokuya ngokuma kwempahla: umugqa oyisicaba B, umugqa oyindilinga y (okhishiwe)
3.3.4 isibonelo: insimbi eyindilinga eqinile ucingo olungenalutho olunobubanzi obungu-3.00mm ty3.00 gb2953-89