Ucingo olufakwe enamel luyizinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni, ezintweni zikagesi kanye nezinto zasekhaya. Ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yamuva nje, imboni yamandla kagesi ifinyelele ukukhula okuqhubekayo nokusheshayo, futhi intuthuko esheshayo yezinto zasekhaya ilethe insimu ebanzi yokusetshenziswa kocingo olufakwe enamel, kulandelwa izidingo eziphakeme zocingo olufakwe enamel. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, akunakugwenywa ukulungisa isakhiwo somkhiqizo wocingo olufakwe enamel, futhi izinto zokusetshenziswa (ithusi ne-lacquer), inqubo efakwe enamel, imishini yokucubungula kanye nezindlela zokuthola nazo zidinga ukuthuthukiswa nocwaningo oluphuthumayo [1].
Njengamanje, kunabakhiqizi abangaphezu kwe-1000 bezintambo ezifakwe enamel eShayina, futhi amandla okukhiqiza ngonyaka adlule amathani angu-250000 ~ 300000. Kodwa ngokuvamile, isimo sezintambo ezifakwe enamel zaseShayina siphindaphindwa ngezinga eliphansi, ngokuvamile, "imishini ekhiqizayo ephezulu, esezingeni eliphansi, ebuyela emuva". Kulesi simo, izintambo ezifakwe enamel zekhwalithi ephezulu zemishini yasekhaya kusadingeka zingeniswe, ingasaphathwa eyokubamba iqhaza emncintiswaneni wemakethe yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngakho-ke, kufanele siphinde siphinde imizamo yethu yokushintsha isimo samanje, ukuze ubuchwepheshe bezintambo ezifakwe enamel zaseShayina bukwazi ukuhambisana nesidingo semakethe, futhi buncintisane emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene
1) Ucingo olune-enamel ye-acetal
Ucingo olune-enamel ye-Acetal lungenye yezinhlobo zokuqala emhlabeni. Lwafakwa emakethe yiJalimane ne-United States ngo-1930. ISoviet Union nayo yathuthuka ngokushesha. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-polyvinyl formal kanye ne-polyvinyl acetal. IShayina nayo yazifunda ngempumelelo ngawo-1960. Nakuba izinga lokumelana nokushisa kocingo olune-enamel liphansi (105 ° C, 120 ° C), lusetshenziswa kabanzi ku-transformer ecwiliswe ngowoyela ngenxa yokumelana kwayo okuhle kakhulu kwe-hydrolysis yokushisa okuphezulu. Lesi sici siqinisekiswe yiwo wonke amazwe emhlabeni. Njengamanje, kusenenani elincane lokukhiqiza eShayina, ikakhulukazi ucingo oluyisicaba olune-enamel ye-acetal olusetshenziselwa ukwenza umqhubi oguquguqukayo we-transformer enkulu [1].
2) Ucingo olune-enamel ye-polyester
Maphakathi nawo-1950, iNtshonalanga Jalimane yaqala ukuthuthukisa upende we-polyester enamel osekelwe ku-dimethyl terephthalate. Ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nokushisa okuhle kanye namandla omshini, ububanzi benqubo yokwenza upende kanye nentengo ephansi, isibe umkhiqizo oyinhloko ophethe imakethe ye-enamel wire kusukela ngawo-1950. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokumelana nokushaqeka okungekuhle kokushisa kanye ne-hydrolysis elula ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okuphezulu kanye nomswakama ophezulu, i-polyester enamel wire njengengubo eyodwa ayisakhiqizwa eNtshonalanga Jalimane nase-United States ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970, kodwa yayisakhiqizwa futhi isetshenziswa ngobuningi eJapane, eShayina naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Izibalo zango-1986 zibonisa ukuthi umkhiqizo we-polyester enamel wire eShayina ubiza u-96.4% womkhiqizo wonke. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10 yemizamo, izinhlobo ze-enamel wire sezithuthukisiwe, kodwa kukhona igebe elikhulu uma liqhathaniswa namazwe athuthukile.
Kuye kwenziwa umsebenzi omningi ekuguqulweni kwe-polyester eShayina, okuhlanganisa ukuguqulwa kwe-THEIC kanye nokuguqulwa kwe-imine. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokulungiswa kwesakhiwo okuhamba kancane kwentambo ene-enamel, ukukhiqizwa kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zopende kusekuncane. Kuze kube manje, ukwehla kwamandla kagesi kwentambo ene-enamel ye-polyester eguquliwe kusadingeka kunakwe.
3) Ucingo olune-enamel ye-polyurethane
Upende we-polyurethane enamelled wire wasungulwa yiBayer ngo-1937. Usetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ye-elekthronikhi kanye nezinto zikagesi ngenxa yokukwazi kwawo ukunamathela ngqo, ukumelana nemvamisa ephezulu kanye nokudaya. Njengamanje, amazwe angaphandle anaka kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni izinga lokumelana nokushisa kwe-polyurethane enamelled wire ngaphandle kokuthinta ukusebenza kwayo kokushisela ngqo. EYurophu, e-United States, eJapane ithuthukise i-F-class, i-H-class polyurethane enamelled wire. Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwama-TV anombala, i-polyurethane enamelled wire enembobo enkulu engenasawoti ye-color TV FBT eyathuthukiswa yiJapane idonsele ukunaka kwawo wonke amazwe emhlabeni, futhi isengaphambili kweJapan.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwentambo yasekhaya ene-enamel ye-polyurethane kuhamba kancane. Nakuba upende ovamile we-polyurethane ukhiqizwa ezinye izimboni, ngenxa yokungacutshungulwa kahle, ikhwalithi yobuso kanye nezinye izinkinga, upende ungeniswa kakhulu. I-polyurethane yebanga le-F ithuthukiswe eShayina, kodwa akukho mandla okukhiqiza akhiwe. Upende we-polyurethane omkhulu ongenamigoqo emikhulu nawo uthuthukiswe ngempumelelo futhi wafakwa emakethe, osetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni ikhoyili ye-FBT ye-TV emnyama nemhlophe.
4) Ucingo olune-enamel ye-polyesterimide
Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kokumelana nokushisa ngokuguqulwa kwe-polyesterimide, inani le-polyesterimide enamel wire emhlabeni liye landa kakhulu kusukela ngawo-1970. EYurophu naseMelika, i-enamel wire isithathe indawo ngokuphelele ye-single coating polyester enamel wire. Njengamanje, imikhiqizo emele emhlabeni yimikhiqizo yochungechunge lwe-terebe FH evela eJalimane kanye nemikhiqizo yochungechunge lwe-isomid evela e-United States. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, sithuthukise i-direct solderable polyesterimide enamel wire, ebilokhu isetshenziswa kabanzi njenge-winding yemoto encane, yenza lula inqubo yokushisela futhi inciphise izindleko zokukhiqiza yemoto. Abanye baseJapan basebenzisa nopende lwe-direct solderable polyesterimide njenge-primer ye-self-adhesive enamel wire ye-coil ye-TV deflection coil, okwenza inqubo ibe lula. Upende we-polyesterimide wasekhaya wethule ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuvela eJalimane nase-Italy, futhi buthuthukiswe ngempumelelo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokungazinzi kwezinto zokusetshenziswa nezinye izizathu, inani elikhulu le-polyesterimide yasekhaya esetshenziswa njenge-refrigerant resistant composite enamel wire primer lisathembele ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe. Zimbalwa kakhulu izintambo ezine-enamel ze-polyesterimide ezine-coating eyodwa ezisetshenziswa ngopende wasekhaya, kodwa ukungazinzi kwamandla kagesi kusayinkinga yabakhiqizi. Upende we-polyesterimide ogoqekayo ngqo uthuthukiswe ngempumelelo yi-Cable Research Institute.
5) Ucingo olune-enamel ye-polyimide
I-Polyimide ingupende we-enamel omelana nokushisa kakhulu phakathi kwezintambo ze-organic enamel okwamanje, futhi izinga lokushisa layo lesikhathi eside lingafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-220 ° C. Upende wasungulwa yi-United States ngo-1958. Intambo ye-polyimide enamel inokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana okuhle kwe-solvent kanye nokumelana nesiqandisi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphakeme, ukuqina okungekuhle kokugcina kanye nobuthi, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kabanzi kuyathinteka. Njengamanje, intambo ye-enamel isetshenziswa kwezinye izikhathi ezikhethekile, njengemoto yezimayini zamalahle, ithuluzi lasemkhathini nokunye.
6) Upende we-polyamide imide
Upende we-polyamide imide uhlobo lopende lwe-enamel olusebenza kahle kakhulu, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, izakhiwo zemishini, ukumelana nesiqandisi kanye nokumelana namakhemikhali, ngakho-ke unedumela lokuba yinkosi yopende lwe-enamel. Njengamanje, upende usetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo ezihlukile, futhi usetshenziswa kabanzi njenge-topcoat yopende we-enamel ohlanganisiwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokushisa kwentambo ehlanganisiwe futhi kuncishiswe izindleko. Njengamanje, usetshenziswa kakhulu ukumboza intambo ye-enamel emelana neqhwa eShayina, kanti inani elincane lalopende likhiqizwa eShayina, elithengwa kakhulu livela e-United States, e-Italy naseJalimane.
7) Intambo ehlanganisiwe ene-enamel
Isendlalelo sokufakwa kwe-composite ngokuvamile sisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa izinga lokumelana nokushisa nokuthuthukisa intambo ene-enamel enenhloso ekhethekile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nentambo ene-enamel ene-coating eyodwa, intambo ene-enamel ene-composite inezinzuzo ezilandelayo: (1) ingahlangabezana nezidingo zesicelo ezikhethekile, njengentambo ene-enamel ezinamathelayo zokwakheka okungenafreyimu okuyinkimbinkimbi, intambo ene-enamel engamelana nesiqandisi se-compressor yesiqandisi kanye ne-air conditioner, njll., engahlangatshezwa ngesakhiwo se-composite coating; (2) ingathuthukisa futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kwesevisi ngokuhlanganiswa kwezingqimba ezahlukene zokufakwa kwe-insulation ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zesicelo, Isibonelo, intambo ene-enamel ene-polyester / nylon coating composite coating ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-thermal shock kanye nokusebenza kwe-winding, okufanele inqubo yokucwilisa eshisayo, futhi ingasetshenziswa kuma-motor windings anokushisa ngokweqile ngokushesha ngenxa yokulayisha ngokweqile; (3) inganciphisa izindleko zezinye izintambo ezine-enamel, njenge-polyester imide kanye ne-polyamide imide coating composite coating enamel wire ethatha indawo yentambo ene-enamel ene-polyamide imide coating eyodwa, okunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko.

ukuhlukaniswa
1.1 ngokuya ngezinto zokuvikela
1.1.1 ucingo olune-enamel ye-acetal
1.1.2 Intambo yokugoqa upende we-polyester
1.1.3 ucingo lokumboza nge-polyurethane
1.1.4 ucingo lokugoqa upende lwe-polyester oluguquliwe
Ucingo olune-enamel lwe-polyester oluyi-1.1.5 imimide
1.1.6 intambo ene-enamel ye-polyester / i-polyamide imide
1.1.7 ucingo olune-enamel ye-polyimide
1.2 ngokwenhloso yocingo olufakwe enamel
1.2.1 ucingo olune-enamel oluyinjongo evamile (umugqa ovamile): lusetshenziswa kakhulu ezintanjeni ezijikelezayo ezinjinini ezijwayelekile, ezintweni zikagesi, ezimishinini, kuma-transformer nakwezinye izikhathi zokusebenza, njengentambo yokusonga upende we-polyester kanye nomugqa wokusonga upende we-polyester oguquliwe.
1.2.2 umugqa wokumboza omelana nokushisa: izintambo ezigoqayo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni, ezintweni zikagesi, ezitsheni, kuma-transformer nakwezinye izikhathi zokusebenza, njengentambo yokumboza ye-polyester imimide, intambo yokumboza ye-polyimide, umugqa wokumboza ngopende we-polyester, umugqa wokumboza we-polyester imimide / polyamide imide.
1.2.3 ucingo olune-enamel olunenhloso ekhethekile: lubhekisela kucingo olugoqayo olunezici ezithile zekhwalithi futhi olusetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile, njengocingo lokugoqa upende lwe-polyurethane (impahla yokushisela ngqo), ucingo lokugoqa upende oluzinamathisela lona.
1.3 ngokwezinto ezisetshenziswa umqhubi, ihlukaniswe ngocingo lwethusi, ucingo lwe-aluminium kanye nocingo lwe-alloy.
1.4 ngokwesimo sezinto ezibonakalayo, ihlukaniswe yaba umugqa oyindilinga, umugqa oyisicaba kanye nomugqa ongenalutho.
1.5 ngokuya ngobukhulu bokujiya kokushisa
Umugqa oyindilinga ongu-1.5.1: Ifilimu encane-1, ifilimu ejiyile-2, ifilimu ejiyile-3 (izinga likazwelonke).
1.5.2 umugqa oyisicaba: upende ojwayelekile Ifilimu-1, ifilimu yopende ejiyile-2.
Umugqa wotshwala
Ucingo (isb. ukukhiya) oluzinamathelayo ngaphansi kwesenzo sotshwala
Umzila womoya oshisayo
Ucingo (isb. i-PEI) oluzinamathelayo ngaphansi kwesenzo sokushisa
Ucingo oluphindwe kabili
Ucingo oluzinamathelayo ngaphansi kwesenzo sotshwala noma ukushisa
Indlela yokumelela
1. uphawu + ikhodi
Ikhodi yochungechunge olu-1.1: ukwakheka kokugoqa okune-enamel: intambo yokugoqa yephepha le-q: Z
1.2 Izinto zomqhubi: Umqhubi wethusi: t (ongafakiwe) umqhubi we-aluminium: l
1.3 Izinto zokuvikela ukushisa:
Y. I-polyamide (inayiloni emsulwa) i-acetal, i-polyurethane ephansi yokushisa B i-polyurethane f i-polyurethane, i-polyester h i-polyurethane, i-polyester imides, i-polyester eguquliwe n i-polyamide imide i-composite polyester noma i-polyesterimide i-polyamide imide r i-polyamide imide i-polyimide C-aryl i-polyimide
Upende osekelwe kumafutha: Upende we-polyester ongu-Y (ongafakiwe): Upende we-polyester oguquliwe ongu-Z: Upende we-acetal: Upende we-polyurethane ongu-Q: upende we-polyamide: Upende we-polyimide ongu-X: Upende we-epoxy ongu-Y: Upende we-polyester ongu-H: Upende we-polyamide ongu-ZY: Upende we-polyamide ongu-XY
1.4 izici zomqhubi: umugqa oyisicaba: umugqa wesiyingi-b: u-Y (ongafakiwe) umugqa ongenalutho: K
Ubukhulu befilimu obuyi-1.5: umugqa oyindilinga: omncane Ifilimu-1 ifilimu ebanzi-2 ifilimu ebanzi-3 umugqa oyisicaba: ifilimu ejwayelekile ebanzi-2
Ibanga lokushisa elingu-1.6 livezwa yi-/xxx
2. imodeli
2.1 imodeli yomkhiqizo yomugqa onama-enamel iqanjwe ngokuhlanganiswa kohlamvu lwe-pinyin lwesiShayina kanye nezinombolo zesi-Arabhu: ukwakheka kwayo kuhlanganisa izingxenye ezilandelayo. Izingxenye ezingenhla zihlanganiswe ngokulandelana, okuyimodeli yomkhiqizo womugqa wephakheji yopende.
3. imodeli + imininingwane + inombolo ejwayelekile
3.1 izibonelo zokumelwa komkhiqizo
A. Ucingo oluyindilinga lwensimbi olune-enamel ye-polyester, ifilimu yopende ejiyile, ibanga lokushisa elingu-130, ububanzi obujwayelekile obungu-1.000mm, ngokwezinga le-gb6i09.7-90, oluvezwe kanje: qz-2 / 130 1.000 gb6109.7-90
B. Ama-imide e-polyester ambozwe ngocingo oluyisicaba lwensimbi, ifilimu yopende evamile, enezinga lokushisa elingu-180, uhlangothi a olungama-2.000mm, uhlangothi B olungama-6.300mm, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-gb/t7095.4-1995, okuvezwa kanje: qzyb-1/180 2.000 x6.300 gb/t7995.4-1995
Isiqu sethusi esiyindilinga esingenawo umoya-mpilo esingu-3.2
Ucingo olufakwe enamel
Ucingo olufakwe enamel
Ikhodi yochungechunge engu-3.2.1: isigxobo sethusi esiyindilinga sobunjiniyela kagesi
3.2.3 ngokwezici zesimo: isimo esithambile R, isimo esiqinile y
3.2.4 ngokwezimpawu zokusebenza: izinga 1-1, izinga 2-2
3.2.5 imodeli yomkhiqizo, imininingwane kanye nenombolo ejwayelekile
Isibonelo: ububanzi bungu-6.7mm, kanti induku yethusi eyindilinga eqinile engenawo umoya-mpilo yekilasi 1 ivezwa njenge-twy-16.7 gb3952.2-89
Ucingo lwethusi olungenalutho olungu-3.3
3.3.1 ucingo lwethusi olungenalutho: t
3.3.2 ngokwezici zesimo: isimo esithambile R, isimo esiqinile y
3.3.3 ngokwesimo sezinto: umugqa oyisicaba B, umugqa oyindilinga y (ongafakiwe)
Isibonelo esingu-3.3.4: ucingo oluyindilinga oluqinile olungenalutho olune-diameter engu-3.00mm ty3.00 gb2953-89