Abaphenyi eMnyangweni Wezamandla Wezamandla e-US (Doe) I-Argonne National Laborary banomlando omude wokutholwa okuphayona emkhakheni wamabhethri e-lithium-ion. Iningi lale miphumela le nge-Cathode yebhethri, elibizwa nge-NMC, nickel Manganese kanye neCobelt onide. Ibhethri nale ka-cathode manje libonisa i-chevrolet bolt.
Abacwaningi base-Agonne bathole elinye indlela yokuphumelela ku-NMC Cathode. Isakhiwo esisha seChode Carthode Cartode entsha singenza ibhethri lihlala isikhathi eside futhi liphephe kakhulu, likwazi ukusebenza ngama-voltages aphezulu kakhulu futhi linikeze amabanga amade okuhamba.
"Manje sesinokuthola ukuholwa ukuthi abakhiqizi bebhethri bangazisebenzisa ukwenza ingcindezi ephezulu, izinto ze-cathode ezingenamikhawulo," uKhalil Amin, i-Argonne ameritus.
"I-NMC Cathode ekhona yethula isithiyo esikhulu somsebenzi ophakeme wamandla kagesi," kusho usokhemisi wamakhemikhali weGuiliang XU. Ngokuhamba ngebhayisikile kokukhipha, ukusebenza kwehla ngokushesha ngenxa yokwakheka kwemifantu ezinhlathweni ze-cathode. Kwaphela amashumishumi eminyaka, abacwaningi bebhethri bebelokhu befuna izindlela zokulungisa le mifantu.
Indlela eyodwa esikhathini esedlule esisetshenziselwe izinhlayiya ezincane eziyindilinga ezakhiwa izinhlayiya eziningi ezincane kakhulu. Izinhlayiya ezinkulu eziyindilinga ziyi-polycrystalline, ngezizinda ze-crystalline zokuhlupha ezahlukahlukene. Ngenxa yalokhu, banakho okushiwo ososayensi imingcele yokusanhlamvu phakathi kwezinhlayiya, ezingadala ibhethri ukuba liqhekeke ngesikhathi somjikelezo. Ukuvimbela lokhu, ozakwabo be-XU nabakwa-Argonne babekade bethuthukisa umhlobiso we-polymer ezungeza nhlayiya. Lo makhoti uzungeza izinhlayiya ezinkulu ezikhethekile nezinhlayiya ezincane ngaphakathi kwazo.
Enye indlela yokugwema lolu hlobo lokuqhekeka ukusebenzisa izinhlayiya ze-crystal eyodwa. Imicroscopy ye-elektroni yalezi zinhlayiya ikhombisa ukuthi ayinayo imingcele.
Inkinga yeqembu ukuthi ama-cathrode enziwe ngama-polycrystals ahlanganisiwe kanye namakristalu angashadi asaphukile ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngebhayisikile. Ngakho-ke, bahlaziya ngokwengeziwe ngalezi zinto ze-cathode endaweni ethuthukisiwe ye-Photon Source (APS) kanye nesikhungo se-nanomatadium (CNM) eMnyangweni Wezeningi wase-Arronne Science.
I-X-ray ehlaziya ehlukahlukene yenziwa ngezingalo ezinhlanu ze-APS (11-BM, 20-BM, 2-Id-D, 11-Id-C ne-34-id). Kuvela ukuthi lokho ososayensi abacabanga ukuthi bekuyikristalu eyodwa, njengoba kuboniswe nge-elektroni ne-x-ray microscopy, empeleni babenomngcele ngaphakathi. Ukuskena nokudlulisela i-Electron MicroScopy yama-CNM aqinisekisile lesi siphetho.
"Lapho sibheka i-morphology yalezi zinhlayiya, zazibukeka njengamakristalu angashadile," kusho isazi sengqondo uWenjun Liu. â� <"但是, 当我们在 APS 使用一种称为同步加速器 x 射线衍射显微镜的技术和其他技术时, 我们发现边界隐藏在内部." â� <"但是, 当 在 在 使用 种 种种 称为 同步 射线 射线 射线 射线和 其他 的技术 和和 时, 我们技术 边界边界 在.""Kodwa-ke, lapho sisebenzisa inqubo ebizwa ngeSychchrotron X-RAY Microscopy namanye amasu akwi-APS, sathola ukuthi imingcele ibicashe ngaphakathi."
Okusemqoka, iqembu lisungule indlela yokukhiqiza amakristalu ahlukile ngaphandle kwemingcele. Ukuhlola amaseli amancane anale Kathodo e-Crystal Christal ngama-voltages aphezulu akhombisa ukukhuphuka kwama-25% kwi-Energy Storage ngayinye ivolumu ngayinye ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yimijikelezo engaphezu kwe-100. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ama-NMC Cathode ahlanganiswe amakristalu ahlukahlukene ahlukahlukene noma ama-polycrystal ahlanganisiwe akhombisa ukwehla kwamandla okungama-60% kuya ku-88% ngaphezulu kwempilo efanayo.
Izibalo ze-Atomic Scale ziveza indlela yokuncishiswa kweCathode Capacitance. Ngokusho kukaMaria Chang, isanoscientist e-CNM, imingcele kungenzeka alahlekelwe ama-athomu omoya lapho ibhethri libhekene necala kunezindawo kude nabo. Lokhu kulahleka komoya-mpilo kuholela ekunciphiseni umjikelezo weseli.
"Ukubalwa kwethu kukhombisa ukuthi umngcele ungaholela kanjani ku-oxygen ekhishwa ngokucindezela okukhulu, okungaholela ekunciphiseni ukusebenza," kusho uChan.
Ukuqeda umngcele kuvimbela ukuziphendukela kwe-oksijini, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ukuphepha nokuqina kwe-cathode. Izilinganiso zokuziphendukela kwe-oksijini ezinama-APS nomthombo okhanyayo okhanyayo eMnyangweni Werrence Berkeley National Latrence uqinisekisa lesi siphetho.
"Manje sinemihlahlandlela abakhiqizi bebhethri abangayisebenzisa ukwenza izinto zikaKathode ezingenayo imingcele futhi zisebenze ngokucindezela okukhulu," kusho uKhalil Amin, u-Argonne Emeritus. â� <"该指南应适用于 nmc 以外的其他正极材料." â� <"该指南应适用于 nmc 以外的其他正极材料.""Imihlahlandlela kufanele ifake izicelo ezintweni ze-cathode ngaphandle kwe-NMC."
Isihloko esiphathelene nalolu cwaningo savela kumaphephabhuku wemvelo. Ngaphezu kwe-xu, amin, uLiu no-Chang, ababhali base-Argonne banguXiang Liu, venuzi zhao, junjing juu, inhui juu, inhui zhang, i-tao zhou, i-tao Zhou, Ming du, kanye ne-zonhai chen. Ososayensi abavela eLawrence Berkeley Laboratory (Wanli Yang, Qingtian Li, noZengqing Zhuo), i-Xiamen University (i-Jing-Jing Fan, i-Tsinghua Revian (dongsheng ren, i-Feng Ouyang).
Mayelana ne-Argonne Center for Nanomatadium isikhungo se-nanomatadium, omunye wabahlanu baseMnyangweni Wezamandla WaseNanotechnology Centers, yisikhungo somsebenzisi sikaNdunankulu weNanotechnology, ucwaningo lukaNanoscale olusekelwa yiHhovisi LoMnyango Wezeningi wase-US. Ngokubambisana, ama-NSRC akha indawo yezindawo ezihambisanayo ezihlinzeka abacwaningi abasebenza ngezimo zombuso, ukucubungula, okubonisayo, nokumodela ukutshala imali enkulu kakhulu ngaphansi kweNanotechnology Tadement. I-NSRC itholakala eMnyangweni Wezamandla Kazwelonke Wamandla e-Urgonne, eBrookhaven, uLawrence Berkeley, Oak Ridge, Sandia, kanye neLos Alamos. Ngeminye imininingwane nge-NSRC doe, vakashela i-HTTPS: // Science .OSTI .Gov
Umthombo we-Photon Offer we-US Energy Oflert (APS) e-Argonne National Laboratory ungenye yemithombo ekhiqiza kakhulu ye-X-ray emhlabeni. Ama-APS anikezela ngemisebe ephezulu kakhulu ye-X-rays emphakathini ohlukene wokucwaninga kwisayensi yezesayensi, amakhemikhali, i-confensed dripy physics, impilo kanye nesayensi yezemvelo, futhi afaka ucwaningo. Lawa ma-X-ray alungele ukutadisha izinto zokwakha kanye nezinto eziphilayo, ukusatshalaliswa kwezinto, amakhemikhali, amazibuthe kanye ne-elekthronikhi, kanye nezinhlelo zobunjiniyela zobunjiniyela zazo zonke izinhlobo, kusuka kumabhethri kuya ku-Fuel Incort Nozzles, okubalulekile. nomzimba isisekelo sempilo. Unyaka ngamunye, abacwaningi abangaphezu kuka-5 000 basebenzisa ama-APS ukushicilela izincwadi ezingaphezu kuka-2 000 zokuthola okutholakele nokuxazulula izakhiwo ezibalulekile ze-biological protein kunabasebenzisi banoma iyiphi enye i-X-ray Research Center. Ososayensi bakwa-Aps nonjiniyela basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha okuyisisekelo sokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwama-accelerator kanye nemithombo elula. Lokhu kufaka amadivaysi okufaka akhiqiza ama-X-ray agqamile awohloswe ngabacwaningi, ama-lens agxile kuma-nanometers ambalwa, amathuluzi akhulisa indlela amasampula ngaphansi kocwaningo, kanye nokuphathwa kocwaningo lwe-APS kwakha amavolumu wedatha enkulu.
Lolu cwaningo lusetshenziswe izinsizakusebenza ezivela emthonjeni we-Photon Advanced, ihhovisi lamandla e-US le-Energy Office of Science Worker Center esebenza nge-Argonne National Laborator eMnyangweni Wezeningi wase-US weHhovisi Lezenkolo Ngaphansi Kwezinkontileka I-ACO-ACC2-06CH11357.
I-Argonne National Labhorethri ilwela ukuxazulula izinkinga ezicindezelayo zesayensi yasekhaya nobuchwepheshe. Njengelabhorethri kazwelonke yokuqala e-United States, i-argonne iqhuba ukusika okuyisisekelo okuyisisekelo futhi yafaka ucwaningo cishe kuzo zonke iziyalo zesayensi. Abaphenyi base-Aronne basebenza ngokubambisana nabacwaningi abavela emakhulwini bezinkampani, amanyuvesi, kanye nezinhlangano zikamasipala ukubasiza baxazulule izinkinga ezithile, bathuthukise ubuholi besayensi, futhi balungiselele isizwe ngekusasa elingcono. U-Argonne usebenzisa abasebenzi abavela emazweni angaphezu kwangama-60 futhi basebenza ngu-Uchicago Argonne, LLC weHhovisi LoMnyango Wezeningi wase-US.
IHhovisi leSayensi Yomnyango Wezamandla lase-US liyisisekelo esikhulu kunazo zonke socwaningo oluyisisekelo kwisayensi ebonakalayo, ukusebenza ukubhekana nezinye zezindaba ezicindezelwa kakhulu zesikhathi sethu. Ngeminye imininingwane, vakashela ku-HTTPS: // Energy .gov / Science Ier.