Ngokukhula kwe-aluminium ngaphakathi kwemboni ye-welding Fabrication Fact, kanye nokwamukelwa kwayo njengenye indlela enhle yensimbi yezinhlelo eziningi, kunezidingo ezikhulayo zalabo ababambe iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni amaphrojekthi we-aluminium ukuze ajwayelene naleli qembu lezinto zokwakha. Ukuqonda ngokugcwele i-aluminium, kungakuhle ukuthi uqale ngokujwayela ngohlelo lokukhonjwa kwe-aluminium / lokuqokwa, ama-alloys amaningi we-aluminium atholakalayo nezimpawu zawo.

I-aluminium alloy flough kanye nohlelo lokuqokwa- ENyakatho Melika, i-Aluminium Association Inc. inesibopho sokwabiwa kanye nokubhaliswa kwama-Aluminium Alloys. Njengamanje kunama-aluminium angaphezu kuka-400 anesebeni futhi wenziwe ama-alloys we-aluminium kanye nama-alloy angama-aluminium angaphezu kwama-200 ngendlela yokusakazwa kanye nama-ingots abhaliswe ne-aluminium association. Imikhawulo yezakhi yamakhemikhali ye-alloy yamakhemikhali yawo wonke la ma-alloys abhalisiwe aqukethwe ku-aluminium Association'sIncwadi yeTealenesihloko esithi "Ukuqokwa Kwamazwe Ngamazwe Amazwe Amakhemikhali kanye nemikhawulo yokwakheka kwamakhemikhali ye-aluminium esetshenzisiwe futhi yenziwe ama-aluminium alloys" nakwaboIncwadi epinkienesihloko esithi "Ukuqokwa kanye nemikhawulo yokwakheka kwamakhemikhali ye-Aluminium Alloys ngesimo sokukhokhiswa kanye ne-ingot. Lezi zincwadi zingasiza kakhulu kunjiniyela we-welding lapho zithuthukisa amakhemikhali nokuzwela kwazo ngokuqina okubalulekile kubalulekile.

I-Aluminium Alloys ingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amaningana ngokuya ngezimpawu ezithile zezinto ezifana nekhono layo lokuphendula ekwelashweni okushisayo nokwenziwayo kanye nento yokuqala ye-alumining. Lapho sicabangela uhlelo lwenombolo / lokuhlonza olusetshenziselwa ama-aluminium alloys, kuhlonzwa izici ezingenhla. I-aluminiums esetshenzisiwe ne-cast cast inezinhlelo ezihlukile zokuhlonza. Uhlelo olwenziwe luhlelo lwamadijithi ama-4 kanye nokusakazwa okune-3-degitig ne-1-decimal yendawo yendawo.

Yenza uhlelo lokuqokwa kwe-alloy- Sizoqala ukubheka uhlelo lokuhlonza amadijithi amane e-Aluminium Alloy. Idijithi yokuqala (XI-XXX) ikhombisa into enkulu ye-Alloying, engeziwe ku-Aluminium Alloy futhi ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuchaza uchungechunge lwe-Aluminium Alloy, ie, uchungechunge lwe-1000, u-3000 Series, ufike kuThebula 1).

Idijithi yesibili (XXI-XX), uma ihlukile ku-0, ikhombisa ukuguqulwa kwe-alloy ethile, kanye namadijithi wesithathu nelesine (xxXX) Izinombolo zokuphikisana zinikezwe ukukhomba i-alloy ethile ochungechungeni. Isibonelo: Ku-Alloy 5183, inombolo 5 ikhombisa ukuthi inguchungechunge lwe-magnesium alloy, 1 libonisa ukuthi yi-1^stUkuguqulwa ku-Alloy Original 5083, futhi ama-83 ahlonza ochungechungeni lwe-5xxx.

Ukuphela kokuphela kwalolu hlelo lokuthola ama-Alloy kungochungechunge lwe-Aluminium lwe-1xxx (ama-aluminiums ahlanzekile) lapho, amadijithi amabili okugcina ahlinzeka ngamaphesenti amancane we-aluminium ngenhla kwama-99%, ie, alloy 13(50)(99.50% i-aluminium).

Yenza uhlelo lokuqokwa kwe-aluminium alloy

Ithebula 1

Ukuqokwa kwe-Alloy- Uhlelo lokuqokwa kwe-cast alloy lususelwa ku-3 digit-plus decisation decidation xxx.x (IE 356.0). Idijithi yokuqala (XI-xx.x) ikhombisa into enkulu ye-alloying, engeziwe ku-aluminium alloy (bheka ithebula 2).

I-Cast Aluminium Alloy Decumation System

Ithebula 2

Amadijithi wesibili neyesithathu (xXX.x) Izinombolo zokuphikisana zinikezwe ukukhomba i-alloy ethile ochungechungeni. Inombolo elandela iphuzu ledesimali libonisa ukuthi i-alloy iyinqwaba (.0) noma i-Ingot (.1 noma .2 noma .2). Isiqalo sencwadi eyinhlokodolobha sibonisa ukuguqulwa kwe-alloy ethile.
Isibonelo: Alloy - A356.0 inhlokodolobha a (AI-XXX.x) ikhombisa ukuguqulwa kwe-alloy 356.0. Inombolo 3 (a3I-xx.x) ikhombisa ukuthi ingelokuqala kwe-silicon prosk kanye / noma uchungechunge lwe-magnesium. Abangu-56 ku (izembe56.0) Khomba i-alloy ngaphakathi kochungechunge lwe-3xx.x, kanye ne-.0 (axxx.0) Kukhombisa ukuthi kuyindlela yokugcina ephonsa hhayi ingot.

Uhlelo lwe-Aluminium Feace Consation -Uma sibheka uchungechunge oluhlukile lwe-aluminium alloys, sizobona ukuthi kukhona umehluko omkhulu ezimfanelweni zawo kanye nesicelo sabo. Iphuzu lokuqala lokubona, ngemuva kokuqonda uhlelo lokuhlonza, ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukile ze-aluminium ngaphakathi kochungechunge olushiwo ngenhla. Lezi yi-aluminium alloys ethethekayo yokushisa (lezo ezingathola amandla ngokungezwa kokushisa) kanye ne-aluminium alloys engekho ekwelapheni. Lokhu kwehluka kubaluleke kakhulu lapho ucubungula okuthinta izinhlanya ze-arc welding kulezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezinto zokwakha.

I-1xxxx, 3xxx, kanye ne-5xxxx Securing eyenziwe ye-aluminium alloys akayona ukushisa futhi zinzima zinzima kuphela. I-2xxxx, i-6xxxx, ne-7xxxx Series eyenziwe ye-Aluminium Alloys kukhona ukwelashwa okushisa futhi uchungechunge lwe-4xxx luqukethe zombili izingozi zokushisa nokungashintshi. I--2xxx.x, 3xx.x, 4xx.x kanye ne-7xx.x Series Cast Alloys zizokwelapha ukushisa. I-strain harning ayisetshenziswa ngokuvamile ekukhokhisweni.

Ama-alloys aphekwe ukushisa athola izakhiwo zawo zemishini ezinhle ngenqubo yokwelashwa okushisayo, izindlela zokwelapha ezijwayelekile kakhulu zokuphathwa kokushisa kokushisa nokwelashwa nokuguga. Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwesixazululo kuyinqubo yokushisa i-alloy kuya emazingeni okushisa aphakeme (cishe ama-990 deg. F) ukuze abeke izinto ezihlanganayo noma amakhompiyutha abe yisixazululo. Lokhu kulandelwa ngokucishwa, imvamisa emanzini, ukukhiqiza isixazululo esiphezulu ekushiseni kwegumbi. Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwesixazululo kuvame ukulandela ukuguga. Ukuguga kuwukuphela kwengxenye yezakhi noma amakhompiyutha kusuka kusisombululo esivelayo ukuze uvumele izakhiwo ezifiselekayo.

Ama-alloys angenakushiyela athola izakhiwo zawo zemishini efanelekile ngokhuni olukhuni. I-strain harning yindlela yokwandisa amandla ngokusebenzisa okubandayo.T6, 6063-T4, 5052-H32, 5083-H112.

Ukuqokwa okuyisisekelo

Ithebula 3

Ngaphezu kokuqokwa okuvuthayo okuyisisekelo, kunezigaba ezimbili zokuhlukaniswa, enye ekhuluma ngentukuthelo ethi "H" - Hard Harding, kanti enye ilukhuni, nenye "intukuthelo.

Ukwehlukaniswa kwe-h fund - strain lukhuni

Idijithi yokuqala ngemuva kokuthi i-H ikhombisa ukusebenza okuyisisekelo:
H1- ubunzima buqinisiwe kuphela.
H2- Isigaxa esilukhuni futhi sincishiswe ngokwengxenye.
H3- strain lukhuni futhi uzinze.
H4- strain ulukhuni futhi wagcotshwa noma wapenda.

Idijithi yesibili ngemuva kokuthi i-H ikhombisa izinga lokuqina okunzima:
HX2- Quarter hard hx4- Half hard hx6- Ama-quarter amathathu kanzima
HX8- Full Hard Hx9- Kunzima ngokwengeziwe

Ukwehlukaniswa kwe-T Lecutho - Kwelashwa Kancane

T1- Ngokwemvelo okudala ngemuva kokupholisa kwinqubo yokuvundwa kwamazinga okushisa okuphezulu, njengokukhipha.
T2- Kusebenza kubanda ngemuva kokupholisa kwinqubo yokuvunda izinga lokushisa bese kuguga ngokwemvelo.
T3- Isixazululo siphathwe ukushisa okushisayo, kubanda futhi kukhule ngokwemvelo.
T4- Isixazululo siphathwe ukushisa futhi ngokwemvelo ubudala.
T5- Ngobuciko oneminyaka yobudala ngemuva kokupholisa kwinqubo ephakeme yokushisa yokushisa.
T6- Isixazululo selashwa ukushisa futhi sineminyaka yobudala.
T7- Isixazululo siphathwe ukushisa nokuzinza (okwenziwe kabusha).
T8- Isixazululo siphathwe ukushisa okushisa, kubanda futhi kugugile ngokwezifiso.
T9- Ukushisa kwesixazululo kuphathwe, kugugile futhi kubanda.
T10- Kusebenza kubanda ngemuva kokupholisa kwinqubo yokuvundwa kwamazinga okushisa okuphakanyisiwe bese kuguga ngokwezifiso.

Amadijithi angeziwe akhombisa ukuphumelela kwengcindezi.
Izibonelo:
TX51noma txx51- Ukuxineka okuhlanekezelwe ukwelula.
TX52noma txx52- Ukuxineka okuhlanekezelwe ukucindezela.

Ama-aluminium alloys nezimpawu zawo- Uma sibheka uchungechunge oluyisikhombisa lwe-aluminium alloys, sizokwazisa ukungaboni ngaso linye futhi siqonde izinhlelo zabo kanye nezimpawu.

I-1XXX Series Alloys- (I-Non-Heat Treatable - Nge-Ultimate Tensile Amandla we-10 kuye kwayi-27 KSI) Lolu chungechunge luvame ukubizwa ngokuthi uchungechunge oluhlanzekile lwe-aluminium ngoba luyadingeka ukuba ube ne-aluminium engu-99.0%. Zishintshiwe. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yebanga labo elincibilikisanayo, badinga ukucatshangelwa okuthile ukuze bakhiqize izinqubo ze-welding ezamukelekayo. Uma kubhekwanga ngenxa yokuqanjwa, la ma-alloys akhethiwe ngokuyinhloko ukumelana kwawo okuphakeme okuphakeme njengamathangi akhethekile wamakhemikhali kanye namapayipi, noma ngokusebenza kwawo okuhle kagesi njengasezicelo zebhasi. Lezi ze-alloys zinezakhiwo ezingezinhle zemishini futhi ngeke zithathwe kubhekwe ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile zezinhlelo. Lezi ze-alloys ezisezingeni zivame ukufakwa ngendwangu ehambelana ne-filler noma nge-4xxxx filler alloys incike kwizidingo zokusebenza.

I-2xxxx Series Alloys- (Heat Treat- nge-Ultimate Tensile Amandla we-27 kuya ku-62 KSI) Lezi yi-Aluminium / Copper Alloys (izengezo zethusi ezisukela ku-0,7%), futhi zingamandla aphezulu, ama-alloys aphezulu ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa i-aerospace kanye nezicelo zezindiza. Banamandla amahle kakhulu ngaphezulu kokushisa okuhlukahlukene. Ezinye zalezi ze-alloys zithathwa njengezingezinqubo ezingenakuqhathaniswa nezinqubo ze-arc welding ngenxa yokuthola kwabo ukuqhekeka okushisayo nokuqhekeka kwengcindezelo; Kodwa-ke, ezinye ziyi-arc yelded ngempumelelo kakhulu ngezinqubo ezifanele ze-welding. Lezi zinto ezisekelweni zivame ukufakwa ama-alloys aphezulu we-2xxx series eklanyelwe ukufanisa ukusebenza kwawo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kungafakwa ama-filico achungechungeni aqukethe i-silico noma i-silicon ne-Copper, kuncike kwizidingo zohlelo lokusebenza.

I-3xxx Series Alloys- (I-Non-Heat Treatable - Ngamandla okugcina athambile angu-16 kuye kwangama-41 ksi) Lawa ngama-Aluminium / Manganese Alolys (izengezo ze-manganese ezisukela ku-0.05 kuya ku-1.8%) futhi zinokumelana kahle namazinga okushisa aphakeme. Enye yokusebenzisa kwabo okokuqala kwakungamabhodwe namapani, futhi bayingxenye enkulu namuhla yokushintshana kokushisa ezimotweni nasezindaweni zamandla. Nokho, amandla abo alinganiselayo, avame ukugwema ukucubungula kwawo ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zesakhiwo. Lezi zinsizakalo zezisekelo zifakwe nge-1xxxx, 4xxx kanye ne-5xxxx chungechunge le-alloys, kuncike kwi-chemistry yabo ethile kanye nezidingo ezithile zensizakalo.

I-4xxxx Series Alloys- (Ukushisa okuphekayo nokungashintshile kwelashwa - ngamandla amakhulu ashubile angu-25 kuye kwangama-55 ksi) Lawa angama-aluminium / we-silicon alloys (izengezo ze-silicon ezisukela ku-0.6 kuya ku-21.5%) futhi okuwukuphela kokulungiswa okushisayo. I-Silicon, lapho ingezwe e-aluminium, yehlisa iphuzu layo lokuncibilika futhi ithuthukise uketshezi lwayo lapho incibiliki. Lezi zici zifiseleka ngezinto zokuhlanza ezisetshenziselwa ukufudumala kwe-fusion kanye ne-brazing. Ngenxa yalokho, lolu chungechunge lwama-alloys lutholakala kakhulu njengezinto zokuhlanza. I-Silicon, ngokuzimela e-aluminium, ayinakulashwa okungekho emzimbeni; Kodwa-ke, inqwaba yalezi zilo ze-silicon zenzelwe ukuba zengeze ama-magnesium noma zethusi, okubanikeza amandla okuphendula kahle ukuhlukumeza ukwelashwa okushisa. Imvamisa, lezi zinhlaka ze-filler ezishisayo zisetshenziswa kuphela lapho ingxenye ye-welded izofakwa ngaphansi kokwelashwa okushisayo kwe-Welld.

I-5xxxx Series Alloys- (I-Non-Heat Treatable - Ngamandla okugcina athambile angu-18 kuye kwangama-51 ksi) Lezi yi-aluminium / magnesium alloys (izengezo ze-magnesium ezisukela ku-0,2%) futhi zinamandla aphezulu kakhulu we-alloys angenakushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu chungechunge lwe-alloy lungathandeki kalula, futhi ngenxa yalezi zizathu zisetshenziselwa izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene ezifana nokusebenza kwemikhumbi, izinto zokuhamba, imithambo yengcindezi, amabhuloho nezakhiwo. Ama-alloys abase magnesiamu ajwayele ukufakwa nge-taller alloys, ekhethwe ngemuva kokucatshangelwa kokuqukethwe kwe-magnesium kwezinto ezisekelwayo, kanye nesicelo kanye nezimo zensizakalo yengxenye ye-welded. Ama-alloys kulolu chungechunge olunamabala angaphezu kuka-3.0% awanconywa kwinsizakalo yokushisa ephakeme engenhla kwe-150 deg F ngenxa yamathuba awo okuzwakala nokuqina okulandelayo kokucindezela ukugqwala. Izisekelo ze-Alloys ezinama-magnosium angaphansi kuka-2,5% zivame ukufakwa ngempumelelo nge-5xxx noma i-4xxx. I-Base Alloy 5052 ngokuvamile ibonwa njenge-alloy ephezulu yokuqukethwe ye-magnesium engafakwa nge-4xxx series filler alloy. Ngenxa yezinkinga ezihambisana nokuncibilika okuncibilikayo futhi okuhambisana nezinto ezimbi ezingezinhle, akunconywa kuzinto eziphilayo kulolu chungechunge lwe-alloy, oluqukethe amanani aphezulu we-magnesium nge-4xxx cries Filillers. Izinto eziphakeme ze-magnesium base zifakwe kuphela nge-5xxxx filler alloys, ezihambisana nokwakheka kwe-aloy eyisisekelo.

I-6xxxx yochungechunge lwe-alloys- (Ukushisa Ukulashwa - Ngokuqina okuqinile okuthe xaxa kwe-18 kuya ku-58 KSI) Lezi yi-aluminium / magnesium - amasengezo e-silicon (ama-magnesic kanye ne-silicon azungeze i-welding wacrication imboni, asetshenziswa kakhulu kulo lonke uhlobo lwezinhlaka. Ukungezwa kwe-magnesium kanye ne-silicon ku-aluminium kukhiqiza i-compound of magnesium-salicide, enikeza le ndaba amandla awo okuba yikhambi lokushisa lokushisa elaphethwe amandla athuthukisiwe. Lezi ze-alloys ngokwemvelo ziqinisa zibucayi, futhi ngalesi sizathu, akufanele kube yi-arc ifakwe ngokuzenzakalela ngokuzenzakalela (ngaphandle kwezinto ze-filler). Ukungezwa kwamanani anele we-filler impahla ngesikhathi senqubo ye-welding ye-arc kubalulekile ukuze anikeze ukujabula kwezinto zesisekelo, ngaleyo ndlela kuvikele inkinga yokuqhekeka okushisayo. Zibhalwe ngezinto zokwakha i-4xxxx kanye ne-5xxxx ne-5xxxx, kuncike kwisicelo kanye nezidingo zensizakalo.

7XXX Series Alloys- (Heat Treat - Nge-Ultimate Tensile Amandla we-32 kuya ku-88 KSI) Lezi yi-aluminium / Zinc Alloys (i-Zinc Aloys esukela ku-0,8% ku-12.0%) futhi ihlanganisa amanye ama-aluminium alloys aphezulu kakhulu. Lama-alloys ajwayele ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza eziphezulu ezifana nezindiza, i-aerospace, kanye nemishini yezemidlalo yokuncintisana. Njengochungechunge lwe-2xxxx lwama-alloys, lolu chungechunge lufaka ama-alloys abhekwa njenge-ukhetho elingafanele lokufudumala kwe-arc, nabanye, okuvame ukuvezwa ngempumelelo. Ama-alloys ajwayele kakhulu kulolu chungechunge, anjenge-7005, afakwa kakhulu nge-5xxx series taller alloys.

Ukubeka kafushane- Ama-alloys anamuhla we-aluminium, kanye nama-tempers awo ahlukahlukene, ahlanganisa ububanzi obubanzi noguquguqukayo wezinto zokwakha. Ukuze uthole ukwakheka komkhiqizo omuhle kakhulu kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo ye-welding ephumelelayo, kubalulekile ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwama-alloys amaningi atholakalayo kanye nezimpawu zazo zokusebenza nezindawo zokufakelwa. Lapho ethuthukisa izinqubo ze-arc welding zalezi zelloy ezahlukahlukene, kufanele zinikezwe i-alloy ethile esetshenzisiwe. Ngokuvamile kuthiwa i-aluminium ye-aluminium ayilukhuni, "kuhlukile kakhulu". Ngikholwa ukuthi ingxenye ebalulekile yokuqonda lo mehluko ukujwayela ama-alloys ahlukahlukene, izici zawo, nohlelo lwabo lokuhlonza.