I-Alloy ingxube yezinto ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zamakhemikhali (okungenani eyodwa yazo eyinsimbi) enezakhiwo zensimbi. Ngokuvamile kutholwa ngokufaka isandla ngengxenye ngayinye ibe uketshezi olufanayo bese kuyalikhipha.
I-Alloys ingaba okungenani eyodwa yalezi zinhlobo ezintathu ezilandelayo: isixazululo esiqinile sesigaba esisodwa sezinto, ingxube yezigaba eziningi zensimbi, noma i-complection ye-interment yezinsimbi. I-miscroys of alloys kukhambi eliqinile inesigaba esisodwa, kanti amanye ama-alloys kwisixazululo anezigaba ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Ukusatshalaliswa kungenzeka kube umfaniswano noma cha, kuya ngoshintsho lokushisa ngesikhathi senqubo yokupholisa yezinto ezibonakalayo. Amakhompiyutha aphakathi nendawo ajwayele ukuhlanganiswa kwensimbi ye-alloy noma ehlanzekile ezungezwe enye insimbi emsulwa.
Ama-alloys asetshenziswa kuzinhlelo ezithile zokusebenza ngoba anezakhiwo ezingcono kunalezo zezembatho zensimbi ezihlanzekile. Izibonelo zama-alloys zihlanganisa insimbi, umthengisi, ithusi, i-peester, phosphor Bronze, amalgam, nokunye okunjalo.
Ukwakheka kwe-alloy ngokuvamile kubalwa ngesilinganiso sobuningi. Ama-alloys angahlukaniswa ngokufaka ama-alloys noma ama-alstitual alloys ngokuya nge-atomic yokwakheka, futhi angaphinde ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ze-homogeneous (isigaba esisodwa kuphela), izigaba ezinama-heterogealic (angabikho hlukana elisobala phakathi kwezigaba ezimbili). imingcele). [2]
ukucubungula
Ukwakheka kwama-alloys kuvame ukuguqula izakhiwo zezinto eziyisisekelo, ngokwesibonelo, amandla wensimbi mkhulu kunaleso sento yawo eyinhloko yendawo, i-iron. Izakhiwo ezibonakalayo ze-alloy, njengokuqina, ukusebenziseka, i-modulus, i-modulus ye-modulus, i-vermical kanye ne-thermal, ingahle ifane nezinto ezakhiwe ze-alloy, kepha amandla ashubile kanye namandla okuqina we-alloy avame ukuhlobana nezakhiwo zezinto ezikhona. kuhluke kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iqiniso lokuthi ukuhlelwa kwama-athomu ku-alloy kuhluke kakhulu kulokho entweni eyodwa. Isibonelo, indawo yokuncibilika ye-alloy iphansi kunendawo yokuncibilika yezinsimbi ezakha i-alloy ngoba i-atomic radii yezinsimbi ezahlukahlukene ihlukile, futhi kunzima ukwakha ithayela elizinzile.
Inani elincane lento ethile lingaba nethonya elikhulu kwizakhiwo ze-alloy. Isibonelo, ukungcola kuma-ferromagnetic alloys kungashintsha izakhiwo ze-alloy.
Ngokungafani nezinsimbi ezihlanzekile, ama-alloys amaningi awanawo indawo yokuncibilika ehleliwe. Lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphakathi kobubanzi bokushisa obuncibilikayo, ingxube isesimweni sokuhlaziya okuqinile noketshezi. Ngakho-ke, kungashiwo ukuthi iphuzu lokuncibilika le-alloy liphansi kunalena yezinsimbi ezikhona. Bona ingxube ye-eutectic.
Phakathi kwama-alloys ajwayelekile, ithusi liyi-alloy yethusi ne-zinc; I-Bronze yi-alloy ye-tin ne-zethusi, futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ezithombeni, emihlokweni nasezindongeni zesonto. Ama-alloys (anjenge-nickel alloys) asetshenziswa ngohlobo lwemali lwamanye amazwe.
I-Alloy yisisombululo, njengensimbi, i-iron yi-solvent, ikhabhoni yi-solute.