Iyingxenye yekhemikhali enophawu lwamakhemikhali u-Ni kanye nenombolo ye-athomu engu-28. Iyinsimbi ecwebezelayo emhlophe ecwebezelayo enamasu egolide anombala wayo omhlophe oyisiliva. I-Nickel iyinsimbi eguqukayo, eqinile ne-ductile. Umsebenzi wamakhemikhali we-nickel emsulwa uphakeme kakhulu, futhi lo msebenzi ungabonakala esimweni sempushana lapho indawo esebenzayo yenziwa ibe nkulu, kodwa insimbi eyinqwaba ye-nickel iphendula kancane ngomoya ozungezile ngenxa yokuthi ungqimba lwe-oxide ovikelayo lwakheke phezulu. . izinto. Noma kunjalo, ngenxa yokusebenza okuphezulu ngokwanele phakathi kwe-nickel nomoya-mpilo, kusenzima ukuthola i-metallic nickel yemvelo ebusweni bomhlaba. I-nickel yemvelo ebusweni bomhlaba ivalwe kuma-meteorite e-nickel-iron amakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi ama-meteorite awakwazi ukufinyelela kumoya-mpilo lapho esemkhathini. Emhlabeni, le nickel yemvelo ihlale ihlanganiswe nensimbi, okubonisa ukuthi iyimikhiqizo yokugcina eyinhloko ye-supernova nucleosynthesis. Ngokuvamile kunenkolelo yokuthi umnyombo womhlaba wakhiwe ngengxube ye-nickel-iron.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-nickel (ingxubevange ye-nickel-iron yemvelo) kuhlehlela emuva ngo-3500 BC. U-Axel Frederick Kronstedt waba ngowokuqala ukuhlukanisa i-nickel futhi wayichaza njengento yamakhemikhali ngo-1751, nakuba ekuqaleni aphatha kabi insimbi ye-nickel njengeminerali yethusi. Igama langaphandle le-nickel livela ku-goblin egangile yegama elifanayo enganekwaneni yabavukuzi baseJalimane (u-Nickel, ofana nesiteketiso "u-Old Nick" kadeveli ngesiNgisi). . Umthombo owonakele kakhulu we-nickel i-iron ore limonite, ngokuvamile equkethe i-nickel engu-1-2%. Amanye amaminerali abalulekile e-nickel afaka i-pentlandite ne-pentlandite. Abakhiqizi abakhulu be-nickel bahlanganisa isifunda sase-Soderbury e-Canada (okuvame ukukholelwa ukuthi i-meteorite impact crater), i-New Caledonia e-Pacific Ocean, kanye ne-Norilsk e-Russia.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-nickel i-oxidize kancane ekamelweni lokushisa, ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengokumelana nokugqwala. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-nickel ngokomlando ibisetshenziswa ukucwebezela izindawo ezihlukahlukene, njengezinsimbi (njengensimbi nethusi), ingaphakathi lamathuluzi amakhemikhali, nama-alloys athile adinga ukugcina isiliva elicwebezelayo (njengesiliva le-nickel) . Cishe u-6% wokukhiqizwa kwe-nickel emhlabeni usasetshenziselwa ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-nickel emsulwa. I-Nickel yake yaba ingxenye evamile yezinhlamvu zemali, kodwa lokhu kuye kwathathelwa indawo insimbi eshibhile, hhayi okungenani ngoba abanye abantu bane-allergies yesikhumba ku-nickel. Naphezu kwalokhu, iBrithani yaqala ukwenza izinhlamvu zemali nge-nickel futhi ngo-2012, ngenxa yokuphikisa kodokotela besikhumba.
I-Nickel ingenye yezinto ezine kuphela ezine-ferromagnetic ekamelweni lokushisa. Ozibuthe abangapheli be-alnico abaqukethe i-nickel banamandla kazibuthe phakathi kwamagnethi aqukethe insimbi kanye nozibuthe bomhlaba abangavamile. Isimo se-nickel emhlabeni wanamuhla ngokuyinhloko sibangelwa ama-alloys ahlukahlukene. Cishe amaphesenti angama-60 okukhiqizwa kwe-nickel emhlabeni asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene ze-nickel (ikakhulukazi insimbi engagqwali). Amanye ama-alloys avamile, kanye namanye ama-superalloy amasha, alandisa cishe konke ukusetshenziswa kwe-nickel emhlabeni okusele. Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ukwenza ama-compounds abande ngaphansi kwamaphesenti amathathu okukhiqizwa kwe-nickel. Njengenhlanganisela, i-nickel inokusetshenziswa okuningana ekukhiqizeni amakhemikhali, isibonelo njenge-catalyst ye-hydrogenation reactions. Ama-enzyme amagciwane athile nezitshalo asebenzisa i-nickel njengendawo esebenzayo, ngakho-ke i-nickel iyisakhi esibalulekile kuzo. [1]