Isakhiwo sensimbi esimhlophe esicwebezelayo esigxile kubuso, esithambile, esiseceleni kwegolide, singumqhubi omuhle kakhulu wokushisa nogesi;ayiphenduli ngamanzi nomoya-mpilo wasemkhathini, futhi iba mnyama lapho ibhekene ne-ozone, i-hydrogen sulfide nesibabule;Ayisebenzi kuma-asidi amaningi futhi ingancibilika ngokushesha ekuncibilikiseni i-nitric acid kanye ne-asidi e-sulfuric egxilile eshisayo.I-Hydrochloric acid ingagqwala indawo engaphezulu futhi incibilike ku-alkali hydroxide encibilikisiwe, i-alkali ye-peroxide ne-alkali cyanide emoyeni noma lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo;Usawoti omningi wesiliva uyazwela ekukhanyeni futhi awuncibiliki kuma-asidi amaningi.