Izinga lomkhiqizo
l. Intambo ene-enameled
1.1 izinga lomkhiqizo locingo oluyindilinga olungenantambo: gb6109-90 uchungechunge olujwayelekile; zxd/j700-16-2001 izinga lokulawula kwangaphakathi kwezimboni
1.2 izinga lomkhiqizo wentambo eyisicaba enamelled: uchungechunge lwe-gb/t7095-1995
Izinga lezindlela zokuhlola zezintambo eziyindilinga ezinamelled neziyisicaba: gb/t4074-1999
Umugqa wokugoqa wephepha
2.1 izinga lomkhiqizo wocingo oluyindilinga lokugoqa iphepha: gb7673.2-87
2.2 izinga lomkhiqizo wephepha eligoqwe ngocingo oluyisicaba: gb7673.3-87
Izinga lezindlela zokuhlola zephepha eligoqwe izintambo eziyindilinga neziyisicaba: gb/t4074-1995
ejwayelekile
Izinga lomkhiqizo: gb3952.2-89
Indlela ejwayelekile: gb4909-85, gb3043-83
Intambo yethusi engenalutho
4.1 izinga lomkhiqizo wocingo oluyindilinga lwethusi olungenalutho: gb3953-89
4.2 izinga lomkhiqizo wocingo olungenalutho lwethusi oluyisicaba: gb5584-85
Indlela yokuhlola ejwayelekile: gb4909-85, gb3048-83
I-Winding wire
Intambo eyindilinga gb6i08.2-85
Intambo eyisicaba gb6iuo.3-85
Izinga ligcizelela kakhulu uchungechunge lwezicaciso kanye nokuchezuka kobukhulu
Amazinga angaphandle ami kanje:
Izinga lomkhiqizo waseJapan sc3202-1988, indlela yokuhlola ejwayelekile: jisc3003-1984
I-American Standard wml000-1997
I-International Electrotechnical Commission mcc317
Ukusetshenziswa kwesici
1. I-acetal enamelled wire, enebanga lokushisa elingu-105 no-120, inamandla amahle omshini, ukunamathela, uwoyela we-transformer kanye nokumelana nesiqandisi. Kodwa-ke, umkhiqizo unokumelana nomswakama ompofu, izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokuthomba okushisayo, ukusebenza okubuthakathaka kwe-benzene alcohol exubile solvent, njalonjalo. Inani elincane kuphela elisetshenziselwa ukugoqa isiguquli esicwiliswe ngamafutha kanye nenjini egcwele uwoyela.
Intambo ene-enameled
Intambo ene-enameled
2. izinga lokushisa lomugqa ojwayelekile we-polyester wokumboza we-polyester kanye ne-polyester eguquliwe yi-130, futhi izinga lokushisa lomugqa wokuhlanganisa oshintshiwe ngu-155. Amandla omshini womkhiqizo aphakeme, futhi unokunwebeka okuhle, ukunamathela, ukusebenza kukagesi kanye ukumelana ne-solvent. Ubuthakathaka ukumelana nokushisa okuphansi kanye nokumelana nomthelela kanye nokumelana nomswakama ophansi. Iwuhlobo olukhulu kunawo wonke eShayina, lubalwa cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu, futhi lusetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlobonhlobo zezimoto, zikagesi, izinsimbi, imishini yokuxhumana ngocingo nezinto zikagesi zasendlini.
3. i-polyurethane enamathela ucingo; izinga lokushisa 130, 155, 180, 200. Izici eziyinhloko zalo mkhiqizo ziyi-welding eqondile, ukumelana nemvamisa ephezulu, imibala elula kanye nokumelana okuhle komswakama. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zikagesi namathuluzi anembayo, ezokuxhumana namathuluzi. Ubuthakathaka balo mkhiqizo ukuthi amandla emishini ampofu kancane, ukumelana nokushisa akuphakeme, futhi ukuguquguquka nokunamathela komugqa wokukhiqiza kumpofu. Ngakho-ke, imininingwane yokukhiqiza yalo mkhiqizo imigqa emincane nemincane emihle.
4. I-polyester imide / i-polyamide eyinhlanganisela yocingo yokunamathisela ngopende, izinga lokushisa elingu-180 umkhiqizo unomphumela omuhle wokumelana nokushisa, ukuthambisa okuphezulu nokushisa kokuwohloka, amandla amahle kakhulu okusebenza, ukumelana okuhle kwe-solvent kanye nokusebenza kokumelana nesithwathwa. Ubuthakathaka buwukuthi kulula ukwenza i-hydrolyze ngaphansi kwezimo ezivaliwe futhi isetshenziswe kabanzi ekuvuthweni okufana ne-motor, i-apparatus kagesi, insimbi, ithuluzi likagesi, uhlobo olomile lwe-transformer yamandla nokunye.
5. I-polyester IMIM / i-polyamide imide i-composite coating coating wire system isetshenziswa kakhulu emgqeni wokumelana nokushisa wasekhaya nangaphandle, izinga layo lokushisa lingama-200, umkhiqizo unokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, futhi unezici zokumelana nesithwathwa, ukumelana nokubanda kanye nemisebe. ukumelana, amandla aphezulu emishini, ukusebenza kukagesi okuzinzile, ukumelana namakhemikhali okuhle kanye nokumelana nokubanda, namandla okulayisha ngokweqile. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ku-compressor yesiqandisi, i-air conditioning compressor, amathuluzi kagesi, i-motor-proof-proof motor kanye nemishini kagesi ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukumelana nemisebe, ukugcwala ngokweqile nezinye izimo.
test
Ngemva kokukhiqizwa komkhiqizo, ukuthi ukubukeka kwawo, ubukhulu kanye nokusebenza kwawo kuyahlangabezana yini nezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe bomkhiqizo kanye nezidingo zesivumelwano sobuchwepheshe somsebenzisi, kufanele kwahlulelwe ngokuhlola. Ngemuva kokulinganisa nokuhlolwa, uma kuqhathaniswa nezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe zomkhiqizo noma isivumelwano sobuchwepheshe somsebenzisi, abaqeqeshiwe bafanelekile, ngaphandle kwalokho, abafanelekile. Ngokuhlola, ukuzinza kwekhwalithi yomugqa wokugqoka kanye nokucabangela kobuchwepheshe bezinto ezibonakalayo kungabonakala. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi kunomsebenzi wokuhlola, ukuvimbela kanye nokuhlonza. Okuqukethwe kokuhlolwa komugqa wokumboza kufaka phakathi: ukubukeka, ukuhlolwa kobukhulu kanye nokulinganisa kanye nokuhlolwa kokusebenza. Ukusebenza kuhlanganisa izakhiwo zemishini, zamakhemikhali, ezishisayo nezikagesi. Manje sichaza ngokuyinhloko ukubukeka nobukhulu.
phezulu
(ukubukeka) kuzoba bushelelezi futhi bushelelezi, kube nombala ofanayo, kungabi nazinhlayiyana, kungabi na-oxidation, izinwele, indawo yangaphakathi nangaphandle, amabala amnyama, ukususwa kopende nokunye okungalungile okuthinta ukusebenza. Ukuhlelwa komugqa kuzoba isicaba futhi kuqine eduze kwediski eku-inthanethi ngaphandle kokucindezela umugqa nokuhlehlisa ngokukhululekile. Kunezici eziningi ezithinta indawo engaphezulu, ehlobene nezinto ezingavuthiwe, imishini, ubuchwepheshe, imvelo nezinye izici.
usayizi
2.1 ubukhulu bezintambo eziyindilinga ezinoqweqwe oluqinile zifaka: ubukhulu bangaphandle (ububanzi bangaphandle) d, ububanzi bekhondatha D, ukuchezuka kwekhondatha △ D, ukuzungeza kwekhondatha F, ukujiya kwefilimu kapende t
2.1.1 ububanzi obungaphandle bubhekisela kububanzi obukalwa ngemva kokuba ikhondakta imbozwe ngefilimu kapende evikelayo.
2.1.2 I-diameter ye-conductor ibhekisela kububanzi bocingo lwensimbi ngemva kokukhishwa kongqimba olufakwayo.
2.1.3 Ukuchezuka kwekhondatha kubhekisela kumehluko phakathi kwevelu elinganisiwe yobubanzi bekhondatha kanye nenani elincane.
2.1.4 inani lokungajikelezi (f) lisho umehluko omkhulu phakathi kobuningi bokufunda kanye nenani elincane lokufunda elikalwa esigabeni ngasinye sikakhondakta.
2.2 indlela yokulinganisa
2.2.1 ithuluzi lokulinganisa: micrometer micrometer, ukunemba o.002mm
Uma upende usongwe ngocingo oluyindilinga d <0.100mm, amandla angu-0.1-1.0n, futhi amandla angu-1-8n lapho u-D engu-≥ 0.100mm; amandla omugqa oyisicaba ohlanganiswe ngopende angama-4-8n.
2.2.2 ububanzi obungaphandle
2.2.2.1 (umugqa oyindilinga) lapho ububanzi bokuzisholo bekhondatha D bungaphansi kuka-0.200mm, kala ububanzi obungaphandle kanye endaweni engu-3 ubude obungu-1m, rekhoda amanani okulinganisa angu-3, ​​bese uthatha inani eliyisilinganiso njengobubanzi obungaphandle.
2.2.2.2 lapho ububanzi bokuzisholo bekhondatha D bungaphezu kuka-0.200mm, ububanzi bangaphandle bulinganiswa izikhathi ezingu-3 endaweni ngayinye ezindaweni ezimbili ezihlukene ngo-1m, futhi amanani okulinganisa angu-6 ayarekhodwa, futhi inani elimaphakathi lithathwa njengobubanzi obungaphandle.
2.2.2.3 ubukhulu bonqenqema olubanzi kanye nonqenqema oluwumngcingo buyolinganiswa kanye ezindaweni ezingu-100mm3, futhi inani elimaphakathi lamanani amathathu alinganisiwe lizothathwa njengobukhulu obuphelele bonqenqema olubanzi kanye nomphetho omncane.
2.2.3 Usayizi wekhondatha
2.2.3.1 (ucingo oluyisiyingi) uma ububanzi be-conductor D bungaphansi kuka-0.200mm, isivalo sizosuswa nganoma iyiphi indlela ngaphandle kokulimala ku-conductor ezindaweni ezi-3 eziqhelelene ne-1m. Ububanzi bekhondatha buzolinganiswa kanye: thatha inani layo elimaphakathi njengobubanzi bekhondatha.
2.2.3.2 lapho ububanzi obuncane bekhondakta D bungaphezu kuka-o.200mm, susa ukugquma nganoma iyiphi indlela ngaphandle komonakalo kukhondatha, futhi ukale ngokuhlukana ezindaweni ezintathu ezisatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo eduze kwesiyingi sekhondatha, bese uthatha inani eliyisilinganiso sokuthathu. amanani okulinganisa njengobubanzi bekhondatha.
2.2.2.3 (ucingo oluyisicaba) luqhelelene ngo-10 mm3, futhi ukufakwa kuzosuswa nganoma iyiphi indlela ngaphandle kokulimala kumqhubi. Ubukhulu bonqenqema olubanzi kanye nomphetho omncane buzolinganiswa kanye ngokulandelana, futhi inani elimaphakathi lamanani amathathu okulinganisa lizothathwa njengosayizi we-conductor wonqenqema olubanzi kanye nomphetho omncane.
2.3 ukubala
2.3.1 ukuchezuka = ​​D kukalwa – D ngokwezibizo
2.3.2 f = umehluko omkhulu kunoma yikuphi ukufundwa kwedayamitha kukalwa esigabeni ngasinye somqhubi
2.3.3t = isilinganiso se-DD
Isibonelo sokuqala: kunepuleti elingu-qz-2/130 0.71omm locingo olunamele, futhi inani lokulinganisa limi kanje
Ububanzi obungaphandle: 0.780, 0.778, 0.781, 0.776, 0.779, 0.779; ububanzi bomqhubi: 0.706, 0.709, 0.712. Ububanzi obungaphandle, ububanzi be-conductor, ukuchezuka, inani lika-F, ukujiya kwefilimu kapende kuyabalwa futhi ukufaneleka kuyehlulelwa.
Isixazululo: d= (0.780+0.778+0.781+0.776+0.779+0.779) /6=0.779mm, d= (0.706+0.709+0.712) /3=0.709mm, ukuchezuka = ​​D kulinganiswe igama elingu-9-0.70 = 0.10 mm, f = 0.712-0.706=0.006, t = DD inani elilinganiselwe = 0.779-0.709=0.070mm
Isilinganiso sibonisa ukuthi usayizi womugqa wokumboza uhlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile.
2.3.4 umugqa oyisicaba: ifilimu kapende ogqinsiwe 0.11 < & ≤ 0.16mm, ifilimu kapende evamile 0.06 ＜ & < 0.11mm
I-Amax = a + △ + &max, Bmax = b+ △ + &max, lapho i-diameter yangaphandle ye-AB ingengaphezu kwe-Amax ne-Bmax, ukujiya kwefilimu kuvunyelwe ukuba kudlule i-&max, ukuchezuka kobukhulu begama a (b) a (b ) ＜ 3.155 ± 0.030, 3.155 <a (b) ＜ 6.30 ± 0.050, 6.30 < B ≤ 12.50 ± 0.07, 12.50 < B ≤ 16.00 ± 0.0.
Isibonelo, 2: umugqa oyisicaba okhona qzyb-2/180 2.36 × 6.30mm, ubukhulu obulinganisiwe a: 2.478, 2.471, 2.469; a:2.341, 2.340, 2.340; b:6.450, 6.448, 6.448; b:6.260, 6.258, 6.259. Ubukhulu, ububanzi bangaphandle kanye nomqhubi wefilimu kapende kubalwa futhi ukufaneleka kuyahlulelwa.
Isixazululo: a= (2.478+2.471+2.469) /3=2.473; b= (6.450+6.448+6.448) /3=6.449;
a=(2.341+2.340+2.340)/3=2.340;b=(6.260+6.258+6.259)/3=6.259
Ugqinsi lwefilimu: 2.473-2.340=0.133mm ohlangothini a no-6.499-6.259=0.190mm ohlangothini B.
Isizathu sobukhulu bomqhubi ongafanelekile sibangelwa ikakhulukazi ukungezwani kokumisa ngesikhathi sokudweba, ukulungiswa okungalungile kokuqina kweziqeshana ezizwakalayo engxenyeni ngayinye, noma ukujikeleza okungenakuguquguquka kokubeka isondo eliqondisayo, nokudweba intambo yocingo ngaphandle kokufihliwe. amaphutha noma imininingwane engalingani ye-semi-finished conductor.
Isizathu esiyinhloko sobukhulu obungafanelekile bokufakelwa kwefilimu yepende ukuthi ukuzwa akulungisiwe kahle, noma isikhunta asifakwanga kahle futhi isikhunta asifakwanga kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguqulwa kwejubane lenqubo, i-viscosity kapende, okuqukethwe okuqinile nokunye kuzothinta ubukhulu befilimu kapende.

ukusebenza
3.1 izici zomshini: okufaka ukunwebeka, i-engeli ye-rebound, ukuthambile nokunamathela, ukukhuhla upende, amandla okubamba, njll.
3.1.1 ubude bubonisa ubupulasitiki bento, obusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukudubeka kocingo olunamazinyo.
3.1.2 I-engeli ye-springback nokuthamba kubonisa ukuwohloka okunwebekayo kwezinto, ezingasetshenziswa ukuhlola ukuthamba kwentambo enoqweqwe oluqinile.
Ubude, i-engeli ye-springback nokuthambile kubonisa ikhwalithi yethusi kanye nezinga le-annealing locingo olunameleli. Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta ukwelulwa kanye ne-engeli ye-springback yocingo olunameleli (1) ikhwalithi yocingo; (2) amandla angaphandle; (3) i-annealing degree.
3.1.3 ukuqina kwefilimu kapende kuhlanganisa ukusonteka nokwelula, okungukuthi, ukuwohloka okuvumelekile okunwebekayo kwefilimu kapende engaphambani nokuguga okunwebekayo kwekhondatha.
3.1.4 ukunamathela kwefilimu kapende kubandakanya ukuphuka nokuxebuka ngokushesha. Ikhono lokunamathela lefilimu kapende ku-conductor lihlolwa ngokuyinhloko.
3.1.5 Ukuhlolwa kokumelana nokuklwebheka kwefilimu kapende owenziwe ngocingo olungenantambo kukhombisa amandla efilimu kapende ngokumelene nokuklwebheka komshini.
3.2 ukumelana nokushisa: okuhlanganisa ukushaqeka okushisayo nokuhlolwa kokuwohloka okuthambisayo.
3.2.1 ukushaqeka okushisayo kwentambo enoqweqwe oluqinile ukumelana nokushisa kwefilimu enamathelayo yocingo oluningi olunameleli ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezelwa komshini.
Izinto ezithinta ukushaqeka okushisayo: upende, ucingo lwethusi kanye nenqubo yokuqinisa i-enamelling.
3.2.3 ukusebenza kokuthambisa nokuwohloka kocingo olunoqweqwe oluqinile isilinganiso sekhono lefilimu kapende yocingo olunwetshiwe lokukwazi ukumelana nokuguquka kokushisa ngaphansi kwamandla omshini, okungukuthi, ikhono lefilimu kapende ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokwenza ipulasitiki futhi ithambe ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu. . Ukuthambisa okushisayo nokusebenza kokuwohloka kwefilimu yocingo enoqweqwe oluqinile kuncike esakhiweni samangqamuzana efilimu namandla aphakathi kwamaketanga amangqamuzana.
3.3 izakhiwo zikagesi zihlanganisa: i-voltage ephukile, ukuqhubeka kwefilimu kanye nokuhlolwa kokumelana ne-DC.
3.3.1 I-voltage yokuphuka ibhekisela kumthamo womthamo we-voltage wefilimu yocingo olungenantambo. Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta ugesi wokuwohloka yilezi: (1) ukujiya kwefilimu; (2) ukujikeleza kwefilimu; (3) idigri yokwelapha; (4) ukungcola okusefilimini.
3.3.2 ukuhlolwa kokuqhubeka kwefilimu kubizwa nangokuthi i-pinhole test. Izici zayo eziyinhloko ezinomthelela yilezi: (1) izinto zokusetshenziswa; (2) inqubo yokusebenza; (3) izinto zokusebenza.
3.3.3 Ukumelana kwe-DC kubhekisela enanini lokumelana elilinganiswa ngobude beyunithi. Ithintwa ikakhulukazi: (1) i-annealing degree; (2) okokusebenza okunameleli.
3.4 ukumelana kwamakhemikhali kuhlanganisa ukumelana ne-solvent kanye nokushisela okuqondile.
3.4.1 Ukumelana ne-solvent: ngokuvamile, intambo enoqweqwe lwawo kufanele idlule enqubweni yokumila ngemva kokusongwa. I-solvent ku-varnish efaka ukukhulelwa inamazinga ahlukene okuvuvukala kwefilimu yepende, ikakhulukazi ekushiseni okuphezulu. Ukumelana kwamakhemikhali kwefilimu yocingo ene-enameled kunqunywa ikakhulukazi izici zefilimu ngokwayo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zopende, inqubo ye-enameled nayo inethonya elithile ekuphikisweni kwe-solvent yocingo olunamele.
3.4.2 ukusebenza kokushisela okuqondile kwentambo enoqweqwe oluqinile kukhombisa amandla okushisa entambo enoqweqwe oluqinile ngesikhathi sokusongwa ngaphandle kokukhipha ifilimu kapende. Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta ukuthengiswa okuqondile yizi: (1) ithonya lobuchwepheshe, (2) ithonya likapende.

ukusebenza
3.1 izici zomshini: okufaka ukunwebeka, i-engeli ye-rebound, ukuthambile nokunamathela, ukukhuhla upende, amandla okubamba, njll.
3.1.1 Ukwelulwa kukhombisa ubupulasitiki bento futhi isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukudubeka kocingo olungenantambo.
3.1.2 I-engeli ye-springback kanye nokuthamba kubonisa ukuwohloka okunwebeka kwento futhi kungasetshenziswa ukuhlola ukuthambile kwentambo enoqweqwe oluqinile.
Ukwelulwa, i-engeli ye-springback kanye nokuthamba kubonisa ikhwalithi yethusi kanye nezinga le-annealing locingo olunameleli. Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta ukwelulwa kanye ne-engeli ye-springback yocingo olunameleli (1) ikhwalithi yocingo; (2) amandla angaphandle; (3) i-annealing degree.
3.1.3 Ukuqina kwefilimu kapende kufaka phakathi ukusongwa nokunwebeka, okungukuthi, ukuguga okuvunyelwe kwefilimu kapende akunqamuki nokuguquguquka okuqinile kwekhondatha.
3.1.4 Ukunamathela kwefilimu kuhlanganisa ukuphuka okusheshayo kanye nokusabalala. Ikhono lokunamathela lefilimu kapende ku-conductor liye lahlolwa.
3.1.5 Ukuhlolwa kokumelana nokuklwebheka kwefilimu yocingo enoqweqwe oluqinile kukhombisa amandla efilimu ngokumelene nokuklwebheka kokusebenza.
3.2 ukumelana nokushisa: okuhlanganisa ukushaqeka okushisayo nokuhlolwa kokuwohloka okuthambisayo.
3.2.1 Ukushaqeka okushisayo kwentambo enoqweqwe oluqinile isho ukumelana nokushisa kwefilimu enamathelayo yocingo oluningi olunameleli ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokusebenza.
Izinto ezithinta ukushaqeka okushisayo: upende, ucingo lwethusi kanye nenqubo yokuqinisa i-enamelling.
3.2.3 ukusebenza kokuthambisa nokuwohloka kocingo olunwetshiwe kuyisilinganiso sekhono lefilimu yocingo olunwetshiwe ukumelana nokuguquka kokushisa ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla omshini, okungukuthi, ikhono lefilimu ukwenza ipulasitiki futhi ithambe ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa isenzo sokucindezela. Ukuthambisa okushisayo nokuwohloka kwefilimu yefilimu enoqweqwe lwawo kuncike esakhiweni samangqamuzana namandla aphakathi kwamaketanga wamangqamuzana.
3.3 ukusebenza kukagesi kuhlanganisa: i-voltage ephukile, ukuqhubeka kwefilimu kanye nokuhlolwa kokumelana ne-DC.
I-3.3.1 i-breakdown voltage ibhekisela kumthamo kagesi wokulayisha wefilimu yocingo olungenantambo. Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta ugesi wokuwohloka yilezi: (1) ukujiya kwefilimu; (2) ukujikeleza kwefilimu; (3) idigri yokwelapha; (4) ukungcola okusefilimini.
3.3.2 ukuhlolwa kokuqhubeka kwefilimu kubizwa nangokuthi i-pinhole test. Izici eziyinhloko ezinomthelela yilezi: (1) izinto zokusetshenziswa; (2) inqubo yokusebenza; (3) izinto zokusebenza.
3.3.3 Ukumelana kwe-DC kubhekisela enanini lokumelana elilinganiswa ngobude beyunithi. Ithintwa ikakhulukazi yizici ezilandelayo: (1) i-annealing degree; (2) okokusebenza koqweqwe lwawo.
3.4 ukumelana kwamakhemikhali kuhlanganisa ukumelana ne-solvent kanye nokushisela okuqondile.
3.4.1 Ukumelana ne-solvent: ngokuvamile, ucingo olungenantambo kufanele lufakwe ngemva kokusongwa. I-solvent ku-varnish yokukhulelwa inomphumela ohlukile wokuvuvukala kwifilimu, ikakhulukazi ekushiseni okuphezulu. Ukumelana kwamakhemikhali kwefilimu yocingo ene-enameled kunqunywa ikakhulukazi izici zefilimu ngokwayo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokugqoka, inqubo yokugqoka nayo inethonya elithile ekuphikisweni kwe-solvent yocingo olunamele.
3.4.2 ukusebenza kokushisela okuqondile kwentambo enoqweqweqweqwe lwawo kubonisa amandla okushisela entambo enoqweqwe oluqinile enqubweni yokusonta ngaphandle kokukhipha ifilimu kapende. Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta ukuthengiswa okuqondile yilezi: (1) umthelela wobuchwepheshe, (2) umthelela wokumboza.

inqubo yezobuchwepheshe
Khokha → ukuthungatha → ukudweba → ukubhaka → ukupholisa → ukugcoba → thatha
Iyahamba
Ekusebenzeni okuvamile kwe-enameller, amandla amaningi omqhubi namandla omzimba asetshenziswa engxenyeni yenkokhelo. Ukushintsha i-reel yokukhokha kwenza opharetha akhokhe umsebenzi omningi, futhi ukujoyina kulula ukukhiqiza izinkinga zekhwalithi kanye nokwehluleka kokusebenza. Indlela ephumelelayo ukucacisa umthamo omkhulu.
Isihluthulelo sokukhokha ukulawula ukushuba. Lapho ukungezwani kuphezulu, ngeke nje kwenze umqhubi abe mncane, kodwa futhi kuthinte izakhiwo eziningi zocingo olunamele. Kusukela ekubukeni, ucingo oluncane lune-gloss embi; kusukela ekubukeni kokusebenza, ukunwetshwa, ukuqina, ukuguquguquka kanye nokushaqeka okushisayo kocingo olunamele kuyathinteka. Ukungezwani komugqa wokukhokha kuncane kakhulu, kulula ukweqa umugqa, okubangela ukuthi umugqa wokudonsa kanye nomugqa uthinte umlomo wesithando somlilo. Lapho uphuma, ukwesaba okukhulu ukuthi ukungezwani kwendilinga okuyingxenye kukhulu futhi ukushuba kwesiyingi kuncane. Lokhu ngeke nje kwenze ucingo lukhululeke futhi luphuke, kodwa futhi lubangele ukushaywa okukhulu kocingo kuhhavini, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kokuhlanganisa ucingo nokuthinta. Inqubo yokuvuvukala kufanele ibe mnene futhi iqine.
Kuyasiza kakhulu ukufaka isondo lamandla elibekwe phambi kwesithando somlilo ukuze ulawule ukushuba. Ukucindezela okukhulu okungeyona elongation kocingo lwethusi oluguquguqukayo kucishe kube ngu-15kg / mm2 ekamelweni lokushisa, 7kg / mm2 ku-400 ℃, 4kg / mm2 ku-460 ℃ no-2kg / mm2 ku-500 ℃. Enqubweni evamile yokumboza yocingo olunwetshiwe, ukudonsa kwentambo enoqweqwe lwawo kufanele kube ngaphansi kakhulu kunokungezwani okunganwetshiwe, okufanele kulawulwe cishe ku-50%, futhi ukushuba kwesimo kufanele kulawulwe cishe ku-20% we-non extension tension. .
Idivayisi yokukhokha yohlobo lokuzungezisa ama-radial ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa usayizi omkhulu kanye ne-spool yomthamo omkhulu; Idivayisi ekhokhayo yohlobo lwe-over end noma ibhulashi ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa umqhubi wosayizi ophakathi nendawo; uhlobo lwebhulashi noma uhlobo lwemikhono yekhoni ephindwe kabili idivayisi ekhokhayo ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ikhondukta kasayizi omncane.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokukhokha eyamukelwayo, kunezidingo eziqinile zesakhiwo kanye nekhwalithi ye-reel yocingo lwethusi olungenalutho.
—-Ingaphezulu kufanele libe bushelelezi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ucingo aluklwejwa
--Kunama-engeli angu-2-4mm erediyasi r ezinhlangothini zombili ze-shaft core nangaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-side plate, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetha okunokulinganisela ngesikhathi sokumisa.
--Ngemva kokuba i-spool isicutshunguliwe, ukuhlolwa kwebhalansi okumile kanye nokuguquguqukayo kufanele kwenziwe
—-Ububanzi be-shaft core ye-brush yokukhokha idivayisi: ububanzi be-side plate bungaphansi kuka-1:1.7; ububanzi bedivayisi ye-over end pay off bungaphansi kuka-1:1.9, ngaphandle kwalokho ucingo luzophulwa lapho ukhokha ku-shaft core.

ukwehlisa
Inhloso ye-annealing iwukwenza umqhubi abe lukhuni ngenxa yoshintsho lwe-lattice enqubweni yokudweba yefa elishisiswe ngezinga lokushisa elithile, ukuze ukuthamba okudingwa yinqubo kungabuyiselwa ngemva kokuhlelwa kabusha kwe-lattice yamangqamuzana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-lubricant esele kanye namafutha ebusweni bomqhubi ngesikhathi senqubo yokudweba ingasuswa, ukuze ucingo ludwetshwe kalula futhi ikhwalithi yocingo olunamele ingaqinisekiswa. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ucingo olunameleli lunokuguquguquka okufanele kanye nokwelula ohlelweni lokusebenzisa njengokuvunguza, futhi kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Uma kukhulu ukuwohloka kwe-conductor, i-elongation ephansi futhi ikhuphuka amandla aqinile.
Kunezindlela ezintathu ezijwayelekile zokudonsa ucingo lwethusi: ukuhlanganisa ikhoyili; i-anealing eqhubekayo emshinini wokudweba ucingo; i-anealing eqhubekayo emshinini wokwenza enamelling. Izindlela ezimbili zangaphambili azikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zenqubo ye-enamelling. I-coil annealing ingathambisa intambo yethusi kuphela, kodwa ukwehlisa amafutha akuphelele. Ngenxa yokuthi ucingo luthambile ngemva kokugoba, ukugoba kuyenyuka ngesikhathi sokukhokha. Ukudonsa okuqhubekayo emshinini wokudweba izintambo kungathambisa intambo yethusi futhi kukhiphe amafutha angaphezulu, kodwa ngemva kokubopha, ucingo lwethusi oluthambile lulimale kukhoyili futhi lwenza ukugoba okuningi. I-annealing eqhubekayo ngaphambi kokudweba ku-enameller ayikwazi nje ukufeza injongo yokuthambisa nokunciphisa, kodwa futhi ucingo oluhlanganisiwe luqondile kakhulu, ngqo kudivayisi yokudweba, futhi lungafakwa ngefilimu yepende efanayo.
Izinga lokushisa lesithando somlilo kufanele linqunywe ngokuya ngobude besithando somlilo, ukucaciswa kocingo lwethusi kanye nesivinini somugqa. Ngezinga lokushisa elifanayo kanye nesivinini, uma isithando somlilo siba side, yilapho ukutholakala ngokugcwele kwe-lattice ye-conductor. Uma izinga lokushisa le-anneal liphansi, izinga lokushisa lomlilo liphezulu, ukunwetshwa kuba ngcono. Kodwa lapho izinga lokushisa le-annealing liphezulu kakhulu, kuzovela into ephambene. Uma izinga lokushisa le-anneal liphakeme liphezulu, i-elongation iba yincane, futhi ingaphezulu locingo lizolahlekelwa ukucwebezela, ngisho ne-brittle.
Ukushisa okuphezulu kakhulu kwesithando somlilo akuthinti nje impilo yesevisi yesithando somlilo, kodwa futhi kushisa kalula ucingo lapho lumiswa ukuze luqedwe, luphukile futhi lufakwe imicu. Ukushisa okuphezulu kwesithando somlilo kufanele kulawulwe cishe ku-500 ℃. Kusebenza kahle ukukhetha indawo yokulawula izinga lokushisa endaweni eseduze yokushisa okumile nokuguquguqukayo ngokuthatha ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kwezigaba ezimbili zesithando somlilo.
I-Copper kulula ukuyi-oxidize ekushiseni okuphezulu. I-Copper oxide ikhululekile kakhulu, futhi ifilimu kapende ayikwazi ukunamathela ngokuqinile ocingweni lwethusi. I-Copper oxide inomphumela okhuthazayo ekugugeni kwefilimu kapende, futhi inemiphumela emibi ekuguquguqukeni, ukushaqeka okushisayo nokuguga okushisayo kocingo olunameleli. Uma i-conductor yethusi ingenayo i-oxidized, kuyadingeka ukugcina umqhubi wethusi ungathintani ne-oxygen emoyeni ekushiseni okuphezulu, ngakho kufanele kube negesi elivikelayo. Izithando zomlilo eziningi zivalwa ngamanzi komunye umkhawulo futhi zivuleke komunye. Amanzi asethangini lamanzi esithandweni somlilo anemisebenzi emithathu: ukuvala umlomo wesithando somlilo, intambo yokupholisa, ukukhiqiza isitimu njengegesi evikelayo. Ekuqaleni kokuqala, ngenxa yokuthi kune-steam encane ku-annealing tube, umoya awukwazi ukususwa ngesikhathi, ngakho-ke inani elincane lesisombululo samanzi otshwala (1: 1) lingathululelwa ku-annealing tube. (Naka ukuthi ungabutheli utshwala obumsulwa futhi ulawule umthamo)
Izinga lamanzi ethangini lokudonsa amanzi libaluleke kakhulu. Ukungcola emanzini kuzokwenza ucingo lube olungcolile, luthinte umdwebo, lungakwazi ukwenza ifilimu ebushelelezi. Okuqukethwe kwe-chlorine emanzini abuyisiwe kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-5mg / L, futhi ukuqhutshwa kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-50 μ Ω / cm. Ama-ion e-chloride anamathiselwe endaweni yocingo lwethusi azogqwalisa ucingo lwethusi nefilimu yokupenda ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, futhi akhiqize amachashaza amnyama phezu kocingo efilimini kapende yocingo olungenantambo. Ukuze uqinisekise ikhwalithi, usinki kufanele uhlanzwe njalo.
Izinga lokushisa lamanzi ethangini nalo liyadingeka. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lamanzi livumela ukwenzeka kwesitimu ukuze kuvikelwe ucingo lwethusi olufakwe emanzini. Intambo ephuma ethangini lamanzi akulula ukuthwala amanzi, kodwa ayihambisani nokupholisa kocingo. Nakuba izinga lokushisa eliphansi lamanzi lidlala indima yokupholisa, kunamanzi amaningi ocingweni, angahambisani nomdwebo. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa lamanzi lomugqa owugqinsi liphansi, futhi elomugqa omncane liphakeme. Lapho ucingo lwethusi luphuma emanzini, kuzwakala umsindo wokuhwamuka kwamanzi ashaywayo, okubonisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphezulu kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, umugqa owugqinsi ulawulwa ku-50 ~ 60 ℃, umugqa ophakathi ulawulwa ku-60 ~ 70 ℃, futhi umugqa omncane ulawulwa ku-70 ~ 80 ℃. Ngenxa yejubane layo eliphezulu kanye nenkinga enkulu yokuthwala amanzi, umugqa ocolekile kufanele womiswe ngomoya oshisayo.

Ukudweba
Ukudweba kuyinqubo yokumboza ucingo lokumboza ku-conductor yensimbi ukuze kwakheke iyunifomu enogqinsi oluthile. Lokhu kuhlobene nezimo eziningana ezingokomzimba zezindlela zoketshezi nezokudweba.
1. izenzakalo zomzimba
1) I-viscosity lapho uketshezi lugeleza, ukungqubuzana phakathi kwama-molecule kubangela i-molecule eyodwa ukuhamba nolunye ungqimba. Ngenxa yamandla okusebenzisana, ungqimba lwakamuva lwama-molecule luthiya ukunyakaza kongqimba lwangaphambili lwama-molecule, ngaleyo ndlela lubonise umsebenzi wokunamathela, okubizwa ngokuthi i-viscosity. Izindlela ezihlukene zokudweba kanye nokucaciswa okuhlukile komqhubi kudinga i-viscosity ehlukene kapende. I-viscosity ihlobene kakhulu nesisindo se-molecular of resin, isisindo samangqamuzana e-resin sikhulu, futhi i-viscosity kapende inkulu. Isetshenziselwa ukudweba umugqa onzima, ngoba izakhiwo zemishini zefilimu ezitholakala ngesisindo samangqamuzana aphezulu zingcono. I-resin ene-viscosity encane isetshenziselwa ukumboza umugqa omuhle, futhi isisindo se-resin molecular sincane futhi kulula ukumbozwa ngokulinganayo, futhi ifilimu kapende ibushelelezi.
2) Kukhona ama-molecule azungeze ama-molecule ngaphakathi koketshezi olucindezelayo olungaphezulu. Amandla adonsela phansi phakathi kwala ma-molecule angafinyelela ibhalansi yesikhashana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amandla ongqimba lwama-molecule angaphezulu koketshezi angaphansi kwamandla adonsela phansi ama-athomu awuketshezi, futhi amandla awo akhomba ekujuleni koketshezi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, angaphansi kwamandla adonsela phansi. ama-molecule egesi. Nokho, ama- molecule egesi mancane kunama- molecule awuketshezi futhi akude. Ngakho-ke, ama-molecule asongqimbeni olungaphezulu lwe-liquid angafinyelelwa Ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi ngaphakathi koketshezi, ingaphezulu loketshezi liyancipha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kwakheke ubuhlalu obuyindilinga. Indawo engaphezulu yendilinga incane kunazo zonke kuvolumu yejiyomethri efanayo. Uma uketshezi lungathintwa amanye amandla, luhlala luyindilinga ngaphansi kokushuba kwendawo.
Ngokuvumelana nengcindezi engaphezulu ye-peint liquid surface, ukugoba kwendawo engalingani kuhlukile, futhi ingcindezi enhle yephuzu ngalinye ayilingani. Ngaphambi kokungena esithandweni sokumboza upende, uketshezi lukapende engxenyeni ewugqinsi lugelezela endaweni encane ngokucindezela okungaphezulu, ukuze uketshezi lukapende lufane. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi inqubo yokulinganisa. Ukufana kwefilimu yepende kuthinteka umphumela wokulinganisa, futhi kuthinteka amandla adonsela phansi. Kokubili kungumphumela wamandla angumphumela.
Ngemuva kokuthi inzwa yenziwe nge-conductor yepende, kunenqubo yokudonsa nxazonke. Ngenxa yokuthi ucingo lumbozwe ngemizwa, ukwakheka koketshezi lukapende kumise okomnqumo. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezeleka kwendawo, isisombululo sepende sinqoba i-viscosity kapende ngokwawo futhi siphenduka umbuthano ngomzuzwana. Inqubo yokudweba nokuzungeza yesixazululo sikapende iboniswa emfanekisweni:
1 - i-conductor kapende ekuzwayo 2 - isikhashana sokuphuma okuzwakalayo 3 - uketshezi lukapende luyindilinga ngenxa yokushuba kwesimo
Uma ukucaciswa kocingo kukuncane, i-viscosity yepende incane, futhi isikhathi esidingekayo sokudweba umbuthano sincane; uma ukucaciswa kocingo kwanda, i-viscosity yepende iyanda, futhi isikhathi sokujikeleza esidingekayo siphinde sibe sikhulu. Ngopende we-viscosity ophezulu, ngezinye izikhathi ukungezwani kwendawo akukwazi ukunqoba ukungqubuzana kwangaphakathi kopende, okubangela ungqimba lwepende olungalingani.
Lapho ucingo oluboshwe luzwakala, kusekhona inkinga yamandla adonsela phansi ohlelweni lokudweba nokuzungeza ungqimba lwepende. Uma isikhathi sesenzo sesiyingi sokudonsa sisifushane, i-angle ebukhali yomnqumo izonyamalala ngokushesha, isikhathi somphumela wesenzo samandla adonsela phansi kuso sifushane kakhulu, futhi ungqimba lukapende ku-conductor lufana ngokufanayo. Uma isikhathi sokudweba siside, i-engeli ebukhali emikhawulweni yomibili inesikhathi eside futhi isikhathi sesenzo samandla adonsela phansi sinde. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungqimba oluwuketshezi lukapende ekhoneni elicijile lunomkhuba wokugeleza okwehlayo, okwenza ungqimba lukapende ezindaweni zendawo lushube, futhi ukushuba kwendawo kubangela ukuthi uketshezi lukapende ludonse ebholeni futhi lube yizinhlayiya. Ngenxa yokuthi amandla adonsela phansi agqama kakhulu lapho ungqimba lukapende luwugqinsi, akuvunyelwe ukuba lugqinsile kakhulu lapho kufakwa uqweqwe ngalunye, okungesinye sezizathu ezenza “upende omncane usetshenziselwe ukumboza ijazi elingaphezu kwelilodwa” lapho umboza umugqa wokumboza. .
Uma umboza umugqa ocolekile, uma ujiyile, uyafinyela ngaphansi kwesenzo sokudonselana kwendawo, kwakheka uvolo omise okwegagasi noma uqalo.
Uma kukhona i-burr enhle kakhulu ku-conductor, i-burr akulula ukuyipenda ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezeleka kwendawo, futhi kulula ukulahlekelwa futhi mncane, okubangela imbobo yenaliti yocingo olungenasici.
Uma i-conductor eyindilinga iyi-oval, ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezela okwengeziwe, ungqimba lwe-liquid kapende luncane emaphethelweni amabili e-axis ende eyi-elliptical futhi lukhulu emaphethelweni amabili e-axis emfushane, okuholela entweni ebalulekile engalingani. Ngakho-ke, ukuzungeza kocingo lwethusi oluyindilinga olusetshenziselwa ucingo olunameleli luyohlangabezana nezidingo.
Lapho ibhamuza likhiqizwa ngopende, ibhamuza liwumoya osongwe ngesixazululo sikapende ngesikhathi sokunyakaziswa kanye nokudla. Ngenxa yengxenye yomoya omncane, ikhuphukela endaweni yangaphandle ngokushintshashintsha. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuqina koketshezi lopende, umoya awukwazi ukudabula phezulu futhi uhlale oketshezini lukapende. Lolu hlobo lukapende olunebhamuza lomoya lusetshenziswa endaweni yocingo bese lungena esithandweni sokusonga ngopende. Ngemuva kokushisa, umoya ukhula ngokushesha, futhi uketshezi lwepende luyapendwa Lapho ukungezwani kwendawo yoketshezi kuncipha ngenxa yokushisa, ubuso bomugqa wokugcoba abushelelezi.
3) Isenzakalo sokumanzisa ukuthi amaconsi e-mercury ancipha abe ama-ellipses epuleti lengilazi, futhi amaconsi amanzi anda epuleti lengilazi ukuze akhe ungqimba oluncane olunendawo ejike kancane. Okwangaphambili akusona isenzakalo esingamanzi, kanti lesi sakamuva siwumswakama. Ukumanzisa kuwukubonakaliswa kwamandla amangqamuzana. Uma amandla adonsela phansi phakathi kwama-molecule oketshezi engaphansi kwalawo aphakathi koketshezi nokuqinile, uketshezi lumanzisa okuqinile, bese uketshezi lungambozwa ngokulinganayo phezu kokuqinile; uma amandla adonsela phansi phakathi kwama-molecule oketshezi makhulu kunalawo aphakathi koketshezi nokuqinile, uketshezi alukwazi ukumanzisa okuqinile, futhi uketshezi luzoshwabana lube yinqwaba endaweni eqinile Iqembu. Lonke uketshezi lungamanzisa ezinye izinto eziqinile, hhayi ezinye. I-engeli ephakathi komugqa we-tangent weleveli yoketshezi kanye nomugqa we-tangent wendawo eqinile ibizwa ngokuthi i-contact angle. I-engeli yokuxhumana ingaphansi kuka-90 ° okuqinile okumanzi okumanzi, futhi uketshezi alumanzisi okuqinile ku-90 ° noma ngaphezulu.
Uma ubuso bocingo lwethusi bukhanya futhi buhlanzekile, ungqimba lwepende lungasetshenziswa. Uma ubuso bugcotshwe ngamafutha, i-engeli yokuxhumana phakathi kwe-conductor kanye ne-interface ye-liquid kapende iyathinteka. Uketshezi lukapende luzoshintsha lusuke ekubeni manzi lube olungamanzisi. Uma intambo yethusi iqinile, ukuhlelwa kwe-lattice ye-molecular surface ngokungavamile kunokukhanga okuncane kupende, okungahambisani nokumanziswa kocingo lwethusi ngesixazululo se-lacquer.
I-4) I-Capillary phenomenon uketshezi odongeni lwamapayipi luyanda, futhi uketshezi olungamanzisi udonga lwepayipi luyancipha ku-tube lubizwa ngokuthi i-capillary phenomenon. Lokhu kubangelwa isenzakalo sokumanzisa kanye nomphumela wokungezwani kwendawo. Umdwebo owenziwe usebenzisa i-capillary phenomenon. Lapho uketshezi lumanzisa udonga lwamapayipi, uketshezi lukhuphuka lugudle udonga lwepayipi ukuze lwakhe indawo egobile, okwandisa indawo engaphezulu yoketshezi, futhi ukungezwani kwendawo kufanele kwenze ubuso boketshezi bunciphe bube buncane. Ngaphansi kwala mandla, ileveli yoketshezi izoba evundlile. Uketshezi olusepayipini luzokhuphuka ngokunyuka kuze kube yilapho umphumela wokumanzisa kanye nokushuba kwesimo sezulu kudonsela phezulu nesisindo sekholomu yoketshezi epayipini sifinyelela ibhalansi, uketshezi olusepayipini luzoyeka Ukuyeka ukukhuphuka. Ukuqina kwe-capillary, amandla adonsela phansi athile oketshezi abe mancane, i-engeli yokuthintana yokumanzisa iba mancane, i-top tension inkulu, izinga le-liquid likhuphuka ku-capillary, i-capillary phenomenon isobala kakhulu.

2. Indlela yokudweba ezwakele
Isakhiwo sendlela yokudweba ezwakele silula futhi ukusebenza kulula. Inqobo nje uma inzwa iboshelwe phansi ezinhlangothini zombili zocingo nge-splint ezwakalayo, izici ezixekethile, ezithambile, ezinwebekayo nezinezimbotshana zozizwa zisetshenziselwa ukwakha imbobo yokubumba, ukusula upende owedlulele ocingweni, ukumunca. , gcina, uthuthe futhi wenze uketshezi lwepende ngokusebenzisa i-capillary phenomenon, futhi usebenzise uketshezi lwepende lomfaniswano phezu kocingo.
Indlela yokwemboza ezwakele ayifanele upende wentambo enoqweqwe oluqinile olunokuqina kwe-solvent esheshayo noma i-viscosity ephezulu kakhulu. I-volatilization ye-solvent esheshayo kanye ne-viscosity ephezulu kakhulu izovimbela ama-pores of the feel and ngokushesha ilahlekelwe ukuqina kwayo okuhle kanye nekhono le-capillary siphon.
Lapho usebenzisa indlela yokudweba ezwakele, kufanele kuqashelwe:
1) Ibanga phakathi kwe-clamp ezwakele kanye ne-oven inlet. Uma kucatshangelwa amandla angumphumela wokulinganisa kanye namandla adonsela phansi ngemva kokudweba, izici zokumiswa komugqa namandla adonsela phansi opende, ibanga phakathi kwethangi elizwakalayo nelokupenda (umshini ovundlile) lingu-50-80mm, futhi ibanga phakathi komlomo ozwakalayo nowomlilo ngu-200-250mm.
2) Imininingwane yemizwa. Lapho umboza ukucaciswa okuqinile, okuzwakalayo kuyadingeka ukuba kube banzi, ukuqina, ukuthambile, ukunwebeka, futhi kube nezimbotshana eziningi. Ukuzizwa kulula ukwenza izimbobo zesikhunta ezinkulu kunqubo yokudweba, ngenani elikhulu lokugcina upende kanye nokulethwa okusheshayo. Kudingeka kube mncane, mncane, uminyene futhi ube nama-pores amancane lapho usebenzisa intambo enhle. Umzwelo ungahlanganiswa ngendwangu yoboya bekotini noma indwangu ye-T-shirt ukuze wenze ubuso obuhle futhi obuthambile, ukuze inani lomdwebo lincane futhi lifanane.
Izidingo zobukhulu kanye nokuminyana kokuzwakala okunamathiselwe
Ukucaciswa mm ububanzi × ukuminyana ukujiya g / cm3 ukucaciswa mm ububanzi × ukushuba ukuminyana g / cm3
0.8~2.5 50×16 0.14~0.16 0.1~0.2 30×6 0.25~0.30
0.4~0.8 40×12 0.16~0.20 0.05~0.10 25×4 0.30~0.35
20 ~ 0.250.05 ngaphansi kuka-20 × 30.35 ~ 0.40
3) Izinga lokuzizwa. Uvolo wekhwalithi ephezulu ozwakalayo onefayibha ecolekileyo futhi ende iyadingeka ekupendeni (ifayibha yokwenziwa enokumelana nokushisa okuhle kakhulu kanye nokumelana nokugqokwa sekusetshenziswe esikhundleni soboya obuzwakala emazweni angaphandle). 5%, pH = 7, bushelelezi, ukujiya okufanayo.
4) Izidingo zokuphonswa kwemizwa. I-splint kumele ihlelwe futhi icutshungulwe ngokunembile, ngaphandle kokugqwala, igcine indawo yokuxhumana eyisicaba ngokuzizwa, ngaphandle kokugoba nokuguqulwa. Ama-splints esisindo ahlukene kufanele alungiswe ngamadayamitha ocingo ahlukene. Ukucinana kokuzwayo kufanele kulawulwe yi-self gravity ye-splint ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi kufanele kugwenywe ukucindezelwa ngesikulufu noma intwasahlobo. Indlela yokuzihlanganisa kwe-self gravity ingenza ukunamathela kwentambo ngayinye kuhambisane.
I-5) Okuzwakalayo kufanele kuhambisane kahle nokunikezwa kwepende. Ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi impahla kapende ihlala ingashintshiwe, inani lokunikezwa kopende lingalawulwa ngokulungisa ukuzungezisa kwerola elidlulisa upende. Isikhundla se-feen, i-splint kanye ne-conductor izohlelwa ukuze imbobo yokufa eyakhayo ibe nezinga nomqhubi, ukuze kugcinwe ukucindezela okufanayo kokuzwayo kumqhubi. Indawo evundlile yesondo lokuqondisa lomshini ovundlile kufanele kube ngaphansi kunengaphezulu lerola enamelling, futhi ukuphakama kwendawo ephezulu yerola ecwebezelayo kanye nendawo emaphakathi ye-interlayer ezwakalayo kufanele kube kulayini ovundlile ofanayo. Ukuze uqinisekise ukujiya kwefilimu kanye nokuqedwa kocingo olunamele, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa ukujikeleza okuncane kokunikezwa kopende. Uketshezi lukapende lumpontshelwa ebhokisini likapende elikhulu, bese upende ojikelezayo uphonswa ethangini likapende elincane lisuka ebhokisini likapende elikhulu. Ngokusetshenziswa kopende, ithangi likapende elincane lihlale lilekelelwa upende osebhokisini elikhulu likapende, ukuze upende osethangini likapende elincane ligcine i-viscosity efanayo kanye nokuqukethwe okuqinile.
I-6) Ngemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi esithile, ama-pores we-coated azizwa azovinjelwa i-powder yethusi ocingweni lwethusi noma okunye ukungcola kupende. Intambo ephukile, intambo enamathelayo noma ilunga ekukhiqizeni nalo lizoklwebha futhi kulimaze indawo ethambile futhi elinganayo yenzwa. Ingaphezulu locingo lizolimazwa ukungqubuzana kwesikhathi eside nenzwa. Imisebe yokushisa emlonyeni wesithando somlilo izoba lukhuni ukuzwa, ngakho-ke idinga ukushintshwa njalo.
I-7) Umdwebo ozwakalayo unemibi yawo engenakugwemeka. Ukushintshaniswa njalo, izinga eliphansi lokusetshenziswa, ukwanda kwemfucuza, ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kokuzwa; ukushuba kwefilimu phakathi kwemigqa akulula ukufinyelela okufanayo; kulula ukubangela ifilimu eccentricity; isivinini sinqunyelwe. Ngenxa yokuthi ukungqubuzana okubangelwa ukunyakaza okuhlobene phakathi kocingo nokuzwakala lapho isivinini socingo sishesha kakhulu, kuzokhiqiza ukushisa, kushintshe ukubukeka kopende, futhi kushise nokuzwakalayo; ukusebenza okungalungile kuzoletha ukuzwa esithandweni futhi kubangele umlilo Izingozi; kukhona izintambo ezizwakalayo efilimini yocingo olunamele, oluzoba nemiphumela emibi ocingweni olunameled olumelana nokushisa okuphezulu; upende we-viscosity ophezulu awukwazi ukusetshenziswa, okuzokwandisa izindleko.

3. Iphasi yokudweba
Inombolo yokudlula komdwebo ithintwa okuqukethwe okuqinile, i-viscosity, ukungezwani kwendawo, i-angle yokuxhumana, isivinini sokumisa, indlela yokudweba kanye nokuqina kokugqoka. Upende ojwayelekile owenziwe ngocingo kufanele umbozwe futhi ubhakwe izikhathi eziningi ukuze i-solvent ihwamuke ngokugcwele, ukusabela kwe-resin kuphelile, futhi kwakheka ifilimu enhle.
Upende wejubane likapende okuqukethwe okuqinile kokuqukethwe okuqinile kopende upende we-viscosity indlela yopende
Ukushesha nokunensa okuphezulu nosayizi ophansi ugqinsi futhi izacile isikhunta esizwakala siphansi
Zingaki izikhathi zokudweba
Ukugqoka kokuqala kuyisihluthulelo. Uma incane kakhulu, ifilimu izokhiqiza umoya othile wokungena emoyeni, futhi umqhubi wethusi uzokhishwa nge-oxidized, futhi ekugcineni ubuso bocingo olunamele luzoqhakaza. Uma bukhulu kakhulu, ukusabela kokuxhumanisa kungase kunganele futhi ukunamathela kwefilimu kuzokwehla, futhi upende luzoncipha esihlokweni ngemva kokuphuka.
Ukugqoka kokugcina kuncane, okuzuzisa ukumelana nokuklwebheka kocingo olunamele.
Ekukhiqizeni umugqa wokucaciswa okuhle, inombolo yokudweba idlula ithinta ngokuqondile ukubukeka nokusebenza kwe-pinhole.

ukubhaka
Ngemva kokuba ucingo lupendiwe, lungena kuhhavini. Okokuqala, i-solvent kupende iyahwamuka, bese iqiniswa ukuze yenze ungqimba lwefilimu kapende. Bese, liyapendiwa bese liyabhakwa. Yonke inqubo yokubhaka iqedwa ngokuphinda lokhu izikhathi eziningana.
1. Ukusabalalisa izinga lokushisa likahhavini
Ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa likahhavini kunethonya elikhulu ekubhakeni kocingo olunamele. Kunezidingo ezimbili zokusabalalisa izinga lokushisa kuhhavini: izinga lokushisa longitudinal kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphambene. Isidingo sokushisa kwe-longitudinal yi-curvilinear, okungukuthi, kusukela phansi kuya phezulu, bese kusuka phezulu kuya phansi. Izinga lokushisa eliphambene kufanele libe ngomugqa. Ukufana kwezinga lokushisa eliguquguqukayo kuncike ekushiseni, ekugcinweni kokushisa kanye nokuhanjiswa kwegesi eshisayo kwemishini.
Inqubo ye-enamelling idinga ukuthi isithando somlilo esinamelling kufanele sihlangabezane nezidingo ze
a) Ukulawula izinga lokushisa okunembile, ± 5 ℃
b) Ijika lokushisa lesithando somlilo lingashintshwa, futhi izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lendawo yokuphulukisa lingafinyelela ku-550 ℃
c) Umehluko wokushisa ophambanayo akufanele udlule ku-5 ℃.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokushisa kuhhavini: izinga lokushisa lomthombo wokushisa, izinga lokushisa lomoya kanye nezinga lokushisa le-conductor. Ngokwesiko, izinga lokushisa lomlilo likalwa nge-thermocouple ebekwe emoyeni, futhi izinga lokushisa ngokuvamile liseduze nezinga lokushisa legesi esithandweni somlilo. Umthombo we-T > i-t-gas > I-T-paint > i-t-wire (I-T-paint izinga lokushisa lokushintsha ngokomzimba namakhemikhali kapende kuhhavini). Ngokuvamile, upende we-T ungaphansi ngo-100 ℃ kune-t-gas.
Ihhavini ihlukaniswe yaba indawo yokuhwamuka kanye nendawo yokuqiniswa ngobude. Indawo yokuhwamuka ibuswa i-evaporation solvent, futhi indawo yokwelapha ibuswa ifilimu yokwelapha.
2. Ukuhwamuka
Ngemuva kokuthi upende wokushisa usetshenziswe kumqhubi, i-solvent ne-diluent iyahwamuka ngesikhathi sokubhaka. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zoketshezi oluya kugesi: ukuhwamuka nokubilisa. Ama-molecule asendaweni ewuketshezi engena emoyeni abizwa ngokuthi ukuhwamuka, okungenziwa kunoma ikuphi izinga lokushisa. Ukuthintwa izinga lokushisa nokuminyana, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokuminyana okuphansi kungasheshisa ukuhwamuka. Lapho ukuminyana kufinyelela inani elithile, uketshezi ngeke lusahwamuka futhi lugcwale. Ama- molecule angaphakathi oketshezini aphenduka abe igesi ukuze akhe amagwebu futhi akhuphukele phezu koketshezi. Amabhamuza ayaqhuma adedele isitimu. Umkhuba wokuthi ama-molecule ngaphakathi nangaphezulu koketshezi ayahwamuka ngesikhathi esifanayo kubizwa ngokuthi ukubila.
Ifilimu yocingo lwe-enameled iyadingeka ukuze ibe bushelelezi. I-vaporization ye-solvent kufanele yenziwe ngendlela yokuhwamuka. Ukubilisa akuvunyelwe nakancane, ngaphandle kwalokho amabhamuza nezinhlayiya ezinoboya zizovela phezu kocingo olunamele. Ngokuhwamuka kwe-solvent kupende owuketshezi, upende ovikelayo uba mkhulu futhi ushube, futhi isikhathi sokuthi isincibilikisi esingaphakathi kupende owuketshezi sithuthele phezulu siba side, ikakhulukazi ocingweni oluwugqinsi olunameleli. Ngenxa yobukhulu bopende owuketshezi, isikhathi sokuhwamuka sidinga ukuba side ukuze ugweme ukuhwamuka kwe-solvent yangaphakathi futhi uthole ifilimu ebushelelezi.
Izinga lokushisa lendawo yokuhwamuka lincike endaweni yokubilisa yesixazululo. Uma indawo yokubilisa iphansi, izinga lokushisa lendawo yokuhwamuka lizoba phansi. Kodwa-ke, izinga lokushisa likapende ebusweni bocingo lidluliselwa kusuka ekushiseni kwesithando somlilo, kanye nokumuncwa kokushisa kokuhwamuka kwesixazululo, ukumuncwa kokushisa kocingo, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa lopende ebusweni bocingo likhulu kakhulu. ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa lesithando somlilo.
Nakuba kunesigaba sokuhwamuka ekubhakeni koqweqwe lwawo olucolekile, i-solvent iyahwamuka ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu ngenxa yokumboza ocingweni, ngakho izinga lokushisa endaweni yokuhwamuka lingaba phezulu. Uma ifilimu idinga izinga lokushisa eliphansi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, njenge-polyurethane enameled wire, izinga lokushisa endaweni yokuhwamuka liphakeme kunalelo elisendaweni yokwelapha. Uma izinga lokushisa lendawo yokuhwamuka liphansi, ingaphezulu lentambo enoqweqwe oluqinile lizokwakha izinwele ezishwabeneyo, ngezinye izikhathi zibe njengamagagasi noma ama-slubby, ngezinye izikhathi zibe yi-concave. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ungqimba olufanayo lukapende lwakhiwa ocingweni ngemva kokuba ucingo lupendiwe. Uma ifilimu ingabhakwa ngokushesha, upende uyancipha ngenxa yokungezwani kwendawo kanye ne-angle yokumanzisa kapende. Lapho izinga lokushisa lendawo yokuhwamuka liphansi, izinga lokushisa lopende liphansi, isikhathi sokuhwamuka kwe-solvent side, ukuhamba kopende ekuhwamukeni kwe-solvent kuncane, futhi izinga liphansi. Lapho izinga lokushisa lendawo yokuhwamuka liphezulu, izinga lokushisa likapende liphezulu, futhi isikhathi sokuhwamuka kwe-solvent side Isikhathi sokuhwamuka sifushane, ukunyakaza kopende lwe-liquid ekuhwamukeni kwe-solvent kukhulu, ukulinganisa kuhle, futhi ubuso bocingo olunamazinyo bushelelezi.
Uma izinga lokushisa endaweni ye-evaporation liphakeme kakhulu, i-solvent engqimbeni yangaphandle izokhuphuka ngokushesha lapho ucingo oluboshwe lungena kuhhavini, oluzokwenza "i-jelly" ngokushesha, ngaleyo ndlela luvimbele ukufuduka kwangaphandle kwe-solvent ye-layer yangaphakathi. Ngenxa yalokho, inani elikhulu lama-solvents ongqimbeni lwangaphakathi lizophoqeleka ukuba lihwamuke noma libilise ngemva kokungena endaweni yokushisa ephezulu kanye nocingo, okuzobhubhisa ukuqhubeka kwefilimu yokupenda engaphezulu futhi kubangele ama-pinholes nama-bubbles kufilimu kapende. Nezinye izinkinga zekhwalithi.

3. ukwelapha
Intambo ingena endaweni yokwelapha ngemva kokuhwamuka. Ukusabela okuyinhloko endaweni yokwelapha ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kapende, okungukuthi, ukuphambana nokuphulukiswa kwesisekelo sikapende. Isibonelo, upende we-polyester uwuhlobo lwefilimu lopende olwakha isakhiwo senetha ngokuxhumanisa i-ester yesihlahla ngesakhiwo somugqa. Ukwelapha ukusabela kubaluleke kakhulu, kuhlobene ngokuqondile nokusebenza komugqa wokugcoba. Uma ukuphulukisa kunganele, kungathinta ukuguquguquka, ukumelana ne-solvent, ukumelana nokuklwebheka kanye nokuwohloka kokuthambisa kocingo lokunamathela. Ngezinye izikhathi, nakuba zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza zazizinhle ngaleso sikhathi, ukuzinza kwefilimu kwakungekuhle, futhi ngemva kwesikhathi sokugcina, idatha yokusebenza yehla, ngisho ingafanelekile. Uma ukuphulukiswa kuphezulu kakhulu, ifilimu iba brittle, ukuguquguquka nokushaqeka okushisayo kuzokwehla. Izintambo eziningi ezinama-enameled zinganqunywa umbala wefilimu yepende, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi umugqa wokugcoba ubhakwa izikhathi eziningi, awuphelele ukwahlulela kuphela ngokubukeka. Lapho ukuphulukiswa kwangaphakathi kunganele futhi ukuphulukiswa kwangaphandle kwanele kakhulu, umbala womugqa wokugcoba muhle kakhulu, kodwa impahla yokucwenga impofu kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa kokuguga okushisayo kungaholela kumkhono wokumboza noma ukuxebuka okukhulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho ukuphulukiswa kwangaphakathi kuhle kodwa ukuphulukiswa kwangaphandle akwanele, umbala womugqa wokumboza nawo muhle, kodwa ukumelana nokuklwebheka kubi kakhulu.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho ukuphulukiswa kwangaphakathi kuhle kodwa ukuphulukiswa kwangaphandle akwanele, umbala womugqa wokumboza nawo muhle, kodwa ukumelana nokuklwebheka kubi kakhulu.
Intambo ingena endaweni yokwelapha ngemva kokuhwamuka. Ukusabela okuyinhloko endaweni yokwelapha ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kapende, okungukuthi, ukuphambana nokuphulukiswa kwesisekelo sikapende. Isibonelo, upende we-polyester uwuhlobo lwefilimu lopende olwakha isakhiwo senetha ngokuxhumanisa i-ester yesihlahla ngesakhiwo somugqa. Ukwelapha ukusabela kubaluleke kakhulu, kuhlobene ngokuqondile nokusebenza komugqa wokugcoba. Uma ukuphulukisa kunganele, kungathinta ukuguquguquka, ukumelana ne-solvent, ukumelana nokuklwebheka kanye nokuwohloka kokuthambisa kocingo lokunamathela.
Uma ukuphulukisa kunganele, kungathinta ukuguquguquka, ukumelana ne-solvent, ukumelana nokuklwebheka kanye nokuwohloka kokuthambisa kocingo lokunamathela. Ngezinye izikhathi, nakuba zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza zazizinhle ngaleso sikhathi, ukuzinza kwefilimu kwakungekuhle, futhi ngemva kwesikhathi sokugcina, idatha yokusebenza yehla, ngisho ingafanelekile. Uma ukuphulukiswa kuphezulu kakhulu, ifilimu iba brittle, ukuguquguquka nokushaqeka okushisayo kuzokwehla. Izintambo eziningi ezinama-enameled zinganqunywa umbala wefilimu yepende, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi umugqa wokugcoba ubhakwa izikhathi eziningi, awuphelele ukwahlulela kuphela ngokubukeka. Lapho ukuphulukiswa kwangaphakathi kunganele futhi ukuphulukiswa kwangaphandle kwanele kakhulu, umbala womugqa wokugcoba muhle kakhulu, kodwa impahla yokucwenga impofu kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa kokuguga okushisayo kungaholela kumkhono wokumboza noma ukuxebuka okukhulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho ukuphulukiswa kwangaphakathi kuhle kodwa ukuphulukiswa kwangaphandle akwanele, umbala womugqa wokumboza nawo muhle, kodwa ukumelana nokuklwebheka kubi kakhulu. Ekwelapheni ukusabela, ukuminyana kwegesi encibilikayo noma umswakama kugesi kuthinta kakhulu ukwakheka kwefilimu, okwenza amandla efilimu womugqa wokumboza ehle futhi ukumelana nokuklwebheka kuyathinteka.
Izintambo eziningi ezinama-enameled zinganqunywa umbala wefilimu yepende, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi umugqa wokugcoba ubhakwa izikhathi eziningi, awuphelele ukwahlulela kuphela ngokubukeka. Lapho ukuphulukiswa kwangaphakathi kunganele futhi ukuphulukiswa kwangaphandle kwanele kakhulu, umbala womugqa wokugcoba muhle kakhulu, kodwa impahla yokucwenga impofu kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa kokuguga okushisayo kungaholela kumkhono wokumboza noma ukuxebuka okukhulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho ukuphulukiswa kwangaphakathi kuhle kodwa ukuphulukiswa kwangaphandle akwanele, umbala womugqa wokumboza nawo muhle, kodwa ukumelana nokuklwebheka kubi kakhulu. Ekwelapheni ukusabela, ukuminyana kwegesi encibilikayo noma umswakama kugesi kuthinta kakhulu ukwakheka kwefilimu, okwenza amandla efilimu womugqa wokumboza ehle futhi ukumelana nokuklwebheka kuyathinteka.

4. Ukulahlwa kukadoti
Phakathi nenqubo yokubhaka yocingo olunamele, umhwamuko we-solvent kanye nezinto eziqhekekile zamangqamuzana aphansi kufanele zikhishwe esithandweni ngesikhathi. Ubuningi be-solvent vapor kanye nomswakama wegesi kuzothinta ukuhwamuka nokuphulukiswa kwenqubo yokubhaka, futhi izinto eziphansi zamangqamuzana zizothinta ukushelela nokukhanya kwefilimu yepende. Ukwengeza, ukugxila kwe-solvent vapor kuhlobene nokuphepha, ngakho-ke ukukhishwa kwemfucuza kubaluleke kakhulu kwikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukukhiqizwa okuphephile nokusetshenziswa kokushisa.
Uma kucatshangelwa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokukhiqizwa kokuphepha, inani lokukhishwa kwemfucuza kufanele libe likhulu, kodwa inani elikhulu lokushisa kufanele lisuswe ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngakho ukukhishwa kwemfucuza kufanele kube okufanelekile. Ukukhishwa kwemfucuza kwesithando somlilo esishisayo esizungeza umoya oshisayo kuvame ukuba ngu-20 ~ 30% wenani lomoya oshisayo. Inani lemfucuza lincike enanini le-solvent esetshenzisiwe, umswakama womoya, nokushisa kwehhavini. Cishe imfucuza engama-40 ~ 50m3 (eguqulelwe ekubeni izinga lokushisa legumbi) izokhishwa uma kusetshenziswa isincibilikisi esingu-1kg. Inani lemfucuza lingahlulelwa futhi esimweni sokushisa sokushisa kwesithando somlilo, ukumelana nokuklwebheka kocingo olunamele kanye nokucwebezela kocingo olunamele. Uma izinga lokushisa lomlilo livaliwe isikhathi eside, kodwa inani lenkomba yokushisa lisephezulu kakhulu, kusho ukuthi ukushisa okukhiqizwa ukusha kwe-catalytic kuyalingana noma kukhulu kunokushisa okusetshenziswe ekomisweni kwehhavini, futhi ukomiswa kwehhavini kuzobe kuphelile. yokulawula ekushiseni okuphezulu, ngakho-ke ukukhishwa kwemfucuza kufanele kwandiswe ngendlela efanele. Uma izinga lokushisa lesithando somlilo lishisa isikhathi eside, kodwa isibonakaliso sokushisa asiphezulu, kusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kokushisa kukhulu kakhulu, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi inani lemfucuza ekhishwe likhulu kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa, inani lemfucuza elahliwe kufanele lincishiswe ngendlela efanele. Lapho ukungezwani kokuklwebheka kocingo olungenantambo kubi, kungenzeka ukuthi umswakama wegesi esithandweni uphezulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esimanzi ehlobo, umswakama osemoyeni uphezulu kakhulu, kanye nomswakama okhiqizwa ngemva kokusha kwe-solvent. umhwamuko wenza umswakama wegesi esithandweni uphakame. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukukhishwa kwemfucuza kufanele kwandiswe. Indawo yamazolo yegesi esithandweni ayikho ngaphezu kuka-25 ℃. Uma i-gloss yocingo olunamelelwe impofu futhi ingakhanyi, kungase futhi kube ukuthi inani lemfucuza ekhishwayo lincane, ngoba izinto eziqhekekile zamangqamuzana aphansi azikhishwa futhi zixhunywe ebusweni befilimu kapende, okwenza ifilimu kapende inciphe. .
Ukubhema kuyinto evamile embi esithandweni somlilo esivundlile. Ngokusho kwe-ventilation theory, igesi ihlale igeleza isuka endaweni enokucindezela okukhulu kuze kube sezingeni eliphansi. Ngemva kokuba igesi esithandweni ishisa, umthamo ukhula ngokushesha futhi ukucindezela kuphakama. Lapho ukucindezela okuhle kubonakala esithandweni, umlomo wesithando somlilo uzobhema. Ivolumu yokukhipha umoya inganyuswa noma umthamo wokuhambisa umoya ungancishiswa ukuze kubuyiselwe indawo yokucindezela okungekuhle. Uma ukuphela komlomo wesithando somlilo kubhema, kungenxa yokuthi umthamo wokunikezwa komoya kulokhu sekupheleni mkhulu kakhulu futhi umfutho womoya wendawo uphakeme kunokucindezela komkhathi, ukuze umoya owengeziwe awukwazi ukungena esithandweni somlilo uphuma emlonyeni wesithando somlilo, ukunciphisa umthamo wokunikezwa komoya futhi wenze ukucindezela okuhle kwendawo kunyamalale.

ukupholisa
Ukushisa kocingo olunamele oluvela kuhhavini kuphezulu kakhulu, ifilimu ithambile kakhulu futhi amandla amancane kakhulu. Uma ingapholisiwe ngesikhathi, ifilimu izolimala ngemuva kwesondo lomhlahlandlela, elithinta ikhwalithi yocingo olunamele. Uma isivinini somugqa sihamba kancane, inqobo nje uma kunobude obuthile besigaba sokupholisa, ucingo olungenantambo lungapholiswa ngokwemvelo. Uma isivinini somugqa sishesha, ukupholisa kwemvelo akukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo, ngakho-ke kufanele kuphoqeleke ukuba kuphole, ngaphandle kwalokho isivinini somugqa asikwazi ukuthuthukiswa.
Ukupholisa umoya ngempoqo kusetshenziswa kakhulu. I-blower isetshenziselwa ukupholisa umugqa ngokusebenzisa ipayipi lomoya kanye ne-cooler. Qaphela ukuthi umthombo womoya kufanele usetshenziswe ngemva kokuhlanzwa, ukuze ugweme ukuvuthela ukungcola nothuli ebusweni bocingo olunamele futhi unamathele efilimini kapende, okuholela ezinkingeni ezingaphezulu.
Nakuba umphumela wokupholisa amanzi muhle kakhulu, uzothinta ikhwalithi yocingo olungenasici, wenze ifilimu ibe namanzi, inciphise ukumelana nokuqala kanye nokumelana ne-solvent yefilimu, ngakho-ke akufanelekile ukusebenzisa.
ukuthambisa
Ukugcotshwa kocingo olunameleli kunethonya elikhulu ekuqineni kokuthatha. I-lubricant esetshenziselwa ucingo olunwetshiwe izokwazi ukwenza ingaphezulu lentambo enoqweqwe oluqinile bushelelezi, ngaphandle kokulimala ocingweni, ngaphandle kokuthinta amandla e-reel yokuthatha kanye nokusetshenziswa komsebenzisi. Inani ekahle kawoyela ukuze kuzuzwe isandla bazizwa wire koqweqwe lwawo bushelelezi, kodwa izandla awuboni uwoyela sobala. Ngokwesilinganiso, i-1m2 yocingo olunameleli ingagcotshwa nge-1g yamafutha okugcoba.
Izindlela zokugcoba ezivamile zihlanganisa: ukugcoba amafutha, ukugcoba isikhumba senkomo kanye nokugcoba nge-roller. Ekukhiqizeni, izindlela ezihlukene zokugcoba kanye nezinto zokugcoba ezihlukene zikhethwa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezihlukene zocingo olungenantambo enqubweni yokusonta.

Thatha
Inhloso yokwamukela nokuhlela ucingo ukugoqa ucingo olunameleli ngokuqhubekayo, ngokuqinile nangokulinganayo ku-spool. Kudingeka ukuthi indlela yokwamukela kufanele iqhutshwe ngokushelela, ngomsindo omncane, ukungezwani okufanele kanye nokuhlelwa okuvamile. Ezinkingeni zekhwalithi zocingo olungenantambo, ingxenye yembuyiselo ngenxa yokungatholi kahle nokuhleleka kahle kocingo inkulu kakhulu, ibonakaliswa ngokucindezela okukhulu kolayini owamukelayo, ububanzi bocingo oludonswayo noma ukuqhuma kwediski yocingo; ukungezwani komugqa owamukelayo kuncane, umugqa oxekethile kukhoyili ubangela ukuphazamiseka komugqa, futhi ukuhlelwa okungalingani kubangela ukuphazamiseka komugqa. Nakuba eziningi zalezi zinkinga zibangelwa ukusebenza okungafanele, izinyathelo ezidingekayo nazo ziyadingeka ukuze kulethe ukunethezeka kubaqhubi abaqhubekayo.
Ukushuba komugqa owamukelayo kubaluleke kakhulu, okulawulwa kakhulu isandla somqhubi. Ngokusho kokuhlangenwe nakho, enye idatha inikezwa ngale ndlela elandelayo: umugqa oqinile mayelana ne-1.0mm cishe u-10% we-non-extension tension, umugqa ophakathi cishe u-15% we-non-extension tension, umugqa omuhle ucishe ube ngu-20% i-non extension tension, futhi ulayini omncane cishe u-25% we-non extension tension.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunquma isilinganiso sejubane lomugqa kanye nesivinini sokwamukela ngokufanelekile. Ibanga elincane phakathi kwemigqa yokuhlelwa komugqa kuzobangela kalula umugqa ongalingani kukhoyili. Ibanga lomugqa lincane kakhulu. Lapho umugqa uvaliwe, imigqa yangemuva icindezelwe ngaphambili imibuthano eminingana yemigqa, ifinyelela ukuphakama okuthile futhi iwa ngokuzumayo, ukuze umbuthano wangemuva wemigqa ucindezelwe ngaphansi kwesiyingi sangaphambilini semigqa. Uma umsebenzisi eyisebenzisa, ulayini uzophulwa futhi ukusetshenziswa kuzothinteka. Ibanga lomugqa likhulu kakhulu, umugqa wokuqala kanye nomugqa wesibili usesimweni esiphambanayo, igebe phakathi kwentambo enoqweqwe oluqinile kukhoyili likhulu, umthamo wethreyi locingo uyancishiswa, futhi ukubukeka komugqa wokumboza akuhlelekile. Ngokuvamile, kuthreyi yocingo enomgogodla omncane, ibanga eliphakathi phakathi kwemigqa kufanele libe izikhathi ezintathu zobubanzi bomugqa; i-disc yocingo enobubanzi obukhulu, ibanga phakathi kwezikhungo phakathi kwemigqa kufanele libe izikhathi ezintathu kuya kweziyisihlanu zobubanzi bomugqa. Inani lereferensi lesilinganiso sesivinini somugqa ngu-1:1.7-2.
Ifomula yobuciko t= π (r+r) × l/2v × D × 1000
Isikhathi sokuhamba sendlela eyodwa ye-T-line (min) r – ububanzi be-side plate of spool (mm)
I-R-diameter ye-spool barrel (mm) l - ibanga lokuvula le-spool (mm)
Isivinini se-V-wire (m/min) d – ububanzi bangaphandle bocingo olungenantambo (mm)

7. Indlela yokusebenza
Nakuba ikhwalithi yocingo olucwengekile incike kakhulu kwikhwalithi yezinto ezingavuthiwe ezifana nopende nocingo kanye nesimo senhloso yemishini nemishini, uma singabhekani ngokungathi sína nochungechunge lwezinkinga ezinjengokubhaka, ukufakwa emanzini, isivinini kanye nobudlelwano bazo ukusebenza, ungenzi kahle ubuchwepheshe bokusebenza, ungenzi umsebenzi omuhle emsebenzini wokuvakasha kanye nokuhlelwa kokupaka, ungenzi umsebenzi omuhle ekuhlanzeni inqubo, noma ngabe amakhasimende anganelisekile Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sihle kangakanani, singakwazi ' t ukukhiqiza ikhwalithi ephezulu yocingo olunameleli. Ngakho-ke, isici esinqumayo sokwenza umsebenzi omuhle wocingo olungenantambo umuzwa wokuzibophezela.
1. Ngaphambi kokuqala komshini wokugcwalisa i-enamelling womoya oshisayo oshisayo, kufanele kuvulwe ukuze umoya osesithandweni ujikeleze kancane. Shisisa kuqala isithando somlilo nendawo ye-catalytic ngokushisisa ngogesi ukuze wenze izinga lokushisa le-catalytic zone lifinyelele izinga lokushisa elicacisiwe le-catalyst.
2. "Ukukhuthala okuthathu" kanye "nokuhlola okuthathu" ekusebenzeni kokukhiqiza.
1) Ngokuvamile kala ifilimu kapende kanye ngehora, bese ulinganisa indawo eyiziro yekhadi le-micrometer ngaphambi kokulinganisa. Lapho ukala umugqa, ikhadi le-micrometer kanye nomugqa kufanele kugcine isivinini esifanayo, futhi umugqa omkhulu kufanele ukalwe ngezindlela ezimbili eziqondile.
2) Hlola njalo ukuhleleka kocingo, uvamise ukubheka ukuhleleka kocingo emuva naphambili kanye nokuqina kokuqina, futhi ulungise ngesikhathi. Hlola ukuthi amafutha okugcoba afanelekile yini.
3) Njalo ubheke indawo engaphezulu, uvame ukubheka ukuthi ucingo olufakwe koqweqwe lwawo lunohlamvu, luyaxebuka kanye nezinye izinto ezimbi enqubweni yokumboza, thola izimbangela, bese ulungisa ngokushesha. Ngemikhiqizo enesici emotweni, susa i-axle ngesikhathi.
4) Hlola ukusebenza, hlola ukuthi izingxenye ezigijimayo zijwayelekile yini, qaphela ukuqina kwe-pay off shaft, futhi uvimbele ikhanda eligoqayo, ucingo oluphukile kanye nobubanzi bocingo ekunciphiseni.
5) Hlola izinga lokushisa, isivinini kanye ne-viscosity ngokuvumelana nezidingo zenqubo.
6) Hlola ukuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa ziyahlangabezana yini nezidingo zobuchwepheshe enqubweni yokukhiqiza.
3. Ekusetshenzisweni kokukhiqizwa kocingo olungenantambo, ukunakwa kufanele futhi kukhokhwe ezinkingeni zokuqhuma nomlilo. Isimo somlilo simi kanje:
Eyokuqala ukuthi isithando somlilo sishiswa ngokuphelele, okuvame ukubangelwa ukushuba kwe-vapor ngokweqile noma izinga lokushisa lesiphambano sesithando somlilo; okwesibili ukuthi izintambo eziningana zivutha ngenxa yokudweba ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokuthunga. Ukuze uvimbele umlilo, izinga lokushisa lesithando somlilo kufanele lilawulwe ngokuqinile futhi umoya wokushisa wesithando somlilo kufanele ube bushelelezi.
4. Amalungiselelo ngemva kokupaka
Umsebenzi wokuqeda ngemva kokupaka ngokuyinhloko ubhekisela ekuhlanzeni iglue elidala emlonyeni wesithando somlilo, ukuhlanza ithangi lepende kanye nesondo lokuqondisa, nokwenza umsebenzi omuhle ekuhlanzeni kwemvelo kwe-enameller kanye nendawo ezungezile. Ukuze ugcine ithangi likapende lihlanzekile, uma ungashayeli ngokushesha, kufanele umboze ithangi likapende ngephepha ukuze ugweme ukwethulwa kokungcola.

Isilinganiso sokucaciswa
Intambo ene-enameled iwuhlobo lwekhebula. Ukucaciswa kocingo olu-enameled kuvezwa ububanzi bocingo lwethusi olungenalutho (iyunithi: mm). Isilinganiso sokucaciswa kwentambo enoqweqwe oluqinile empeleni isilinganiso sobubanzi bocingo lwethusi olungenalutho. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa i-micrometer, futhi ukunemba kwe-micrometer kungafinyelela ku-0. Kukhona indlela yokulinganisa eqondile kanye nendlela yokulinganisa engaqondile yokucaciswa (ububanzi) bocingo olungenantambo.
Kukhona indlela yokulinganisa eqondile kanye nendlela yokulinganisa engaqondile yokucaciswa (ububanzi) bocingo olungenantambo.
Intambo ene-enameled iwuhlobo lwekhebula. Ukucaciswa kocingo olu-enameled kuvezwa ububanzi bocingo lwethusi olungenalutho (iyunithi: mm). Isilinganiso sokucaciswa kwentambo enoqweqwe oluqinile empeleni isilinganiso sobubanzi bocingo lwethusi olungenalutho. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa i-micrometer, futhi ukunemba kwe-micrometer kungafinyelela ku-0.
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Intambo ene-enameled iwuhlobo lwekhebula. Ukucaciswa kocingo olu-enameled kuvezwa ububanzi bocingo lwethusi olungenalutho (iyunithi: mm).
Intambo ene-enameled iwuhlobo lwekhebula. Ukucaciswa kocingo olu-enameled kuvezwa ububanzi bocingo lwethusi olungenalutho (iyunithi: mm). Isilinganiso sokucaciswa kwentambo enoqweqwe oluqinile empeleni isilinganiso sobubanzi bocingo lwethusi olungenalutho. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa i-micrometer, futhi ukunemba kwe-micrometer kungafinyelela ku-0.
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Intambo ene-enameled iwuhlobo lwekhebula. Ukucaciswa kocingo olu-enameled kuvezwa ububanzi bocingo lwethusi olungenalutho (iyunithi: mm). Isilinganiso sokucaciswa kwentambo enoqweqwe oluqinile empeleni isilinganiso sobubanzi bocingo lwethusi olungenalutho. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa i-micrometer, futhi ukunemba kwe-micrometer kungafinyelela ku-0
Isilinganiso sokucaciswa kwentambo enoqweqwe oluqinile empeleni isilinganiso sobubanzi bocingo lwethusi olungenalutho. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa i-micrometer, futhi ukunemba kwe-micrometer kungafinyelela ku-0.
Isilinganiso sokucaciswa kwezintambo ezinoqweqwe oluqinile empeleni isilinganiso sobubanzi bocingo lwethusi olungenalutho. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa i-micrometer, futhi ukunemba kwe-micrometer kungafinyelela ku-0
Intambo ene-enameled iwuhlobo lwekhebula. Ukucaciswa kocingo olu-enameled kuvezwa ububanzi bocingo lwethusi olungenalutho (iyunithi: mm).
Intambo ene-enameled iwuhlobo lwekhebula. Ukucaciswa kocingo olu-enameled kuvezwa ububanzi bocingo lwethusi olungenalutho (iyunithi: mm). Isilinganiso sokucaciswa kwentambo enoqweqwe oluqinile empeleni isilinganiso sobubanzi bocingo lwethusi olungenalutho. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa i-micrometer, futhi ukunemba kwe-micrometer kungafinyelela ku-0.
. Kukhona indlela yokulinganisa eqondile kanye nendlela yokulinganisa engaqondile yokucaciswa (ububanzi) bocingo olungenantambo.
Isilinganiso sokucaciswa kwentambo enoqweqwe oluqinile empeleni isilinganiso sobubanzi bocingo lwethusi olungenalutho. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa i-micrometer, futhi ukunemba kwe-micrometer kungafinyelela ku-0. Kukhona indlela yokulinganisa eqondile kanye nendlela yokulinganisa engaqondile yokucaciswa (ububanzi) bocingo olungenantambo. Ukulinganisa okuqondile Indlela yokulinganisa eqondile ukukala ububanzi bocingo lwethusi olungenalutho ngokuqondile. Ucingo olunamele kufanele lushiswe kuqala, futhi indlela yomlilo kufanele isetshenziswe. I-diameter ye-enameled wire esetshenziswa ku-rotor yochungechunge lwe-motor ejabulile yamathuluzi kagesi incane kakhulu, ngakho-ke kufanele ishiswe izikhathi eziningi ngesikhathi esifushane lapho usebenzisa umlilo, ngaphandle kwalokho ingase ishiswe futhi ithinte ukusebenza kahle.
Indlela yokulinganisa eqondile ukukala ububanzi bocingo lwethusi olungenalutho ngokuqondile. Ucingo olunamele kufanele lushiswe kuqala, futhi indlela yomlilo kufanele isetshenziswe.
Intambo ene-enameled iwuhlobo lwekhebula. Ukucaciswa kocingo olu-enameled kuvezwa ububanzi bocingo lwethusi olungenalutho (iyunithi: mm).
Intambo ene-enameled iwuhlobo lwekhebula. Ukucaciswa kocingo olu-enameled kuvezwa ububanzi bocingo lwethusi olungenalutho (iyunithi: mm). Isilinganiso sokucaciswa kwentambo enoqweqwe oluqinile empeleni isilinganiso sobubanzi bocingo lwethusi olungenalutho. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa i-micrometer, futhi ukunemba kwe-micrometer kungafinyelela ku-0. Kukhona indlela yokulinganisa eqondile kanye nendlela yokulinganisa engaqondile yokucaciswa (ububanzi) bocingo olungenantambo. Ukulinganisa okuqondile Indlela yokulinganisa eqondile ukukala ububanzi bocingo lwethusi olungenalutho ngokuqondile. Ucingo olunamele kufanele lushiswe kuqala, futhi indlela yomlilo kufanele isetshenziswe. I-diameter ye-enameled wire esetshenziswa ku-rotor yochungechunge lwe-motor ejabulile yamathuluzi kagesi incane kakhulu, ngakho-ke kufanele ishiswe izikhathi eziningi ngesikhathi esifushane lapho usebenzisa umlilo, ngaphandle kwalokho ingase ishiswe futhi ithinte ukusebenza kahle. Ngemva kokushisa, hlanza upende oshile ngendwangu, bese ukala ububanzi bocingo lwethusi olungenalutho nge-micrometer. Ububanzi bocingo lwethusi olungenalutho luwukucaciswa kocingo olunamele. Isibani sotshwala noma ikhandlela lingasetshenziswa ukushisa ucingo olunamele. Isilinganiso esingaqondile
Ukulinganisa okungaqondile Indlela yokulinganisa engaqondile ukukala ububanzi bangaphandle bocingo lwethusi olunamalitha (okuhlanganisa nesikhumba esicwengekile), bese ngokusho kwedatha yobubanzi obungaphandle bocingo lwethusi olungenasici (kuhlanganise nesikhumba esinamele). Indlela ayisebenzisi umlilo ukushisa ucingo olunamele, futhi lusebenza kahle kakhulu. Uma ungakwazi ukwazi imodeli ethile yocingo lwethusi olunamele, kunembe kakhulu ukuhlola ukucaciswa (ububanzi) bocingo olungenantambo. [isipiliyoni] Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi indlela esetshenziswayo, inani lezimpande noma izingxenye ezahlukene kufanele lilinganiswe kathathu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kokulinganisa.