Izinga lomkhiqizo
l. Ucingo olufakwe enamel
1.1 izinga lomkhiqizo wentambo eyindilinga ene-enamel: izinga lochungechunge lwe-gb6109-90; izinga lokulawula kwangaphakathi kwezimboni le-zxd/j700-16-2001
1.2 izinga lomkhiqizo wentambo eyisicaba enamelled: uchungechunge lwe-gb/t7095-1995
Izinga elijwayelekile lezindlela zokuhlola izintambo eziyindilinga neziyisicaba ezifakwe enamel: gb/t4074-1999
Umugqa wokugoqa iphepha
2.1 izinga lomkhiqizo locingo oluyindilinga lokusonga iphepha: gb7673.2-87
Izinga lomkhiqizo le-2.2 lentambo eyisicaba egoqwe ngephepha: gb7673.3-87
Izinga elijwayelekile lezindlela zokuhlola izintambo ezigoqwe ngephepha eziyindilinga neziyisicaba: gb/t4074-1995
okujwayelekile
Izinga lomkhiqizo: gb3952.2-89
Indlela ejwayelekile: gb4909-85, gb3043-83
Ucingo lwethusi olungenalutho
4.1 izinga lomkhiqizo wentambo engenalutho eyindilinga yethusi: gb3953-89
4.2 izinga lomkhiqizo wentambo eyisicaba yethusi engenalutho: gb5584-85
Indlela yokuhlola ejwayelekile: gb4909-85, gb3048-83
Ucingo olugoqayo
Intambo eyindilinga gb6i08.2-85
Ucingo oluyisicaba gb6iuo.3-85
Indinganiso igcizelela kakhulu uchungechunge lwezincazelo kanye nokuphambuka kobukhulu
Izindinganiso zakwamanye amazwe zimi kanje:
Izinga lomkhiqizo waseJapan sc3202-1988, izinga lendlela yokuhlola: jisc3003-1984
I-American Standard wml000-1997
IKhomishini Yobuchwepheshe Bomhlaba Wonke mcc317
Ukusetshenziswa okuphawulekayo
1. ucingo olune-enamel ye-acetal, olunezinga lokushisa elingu-105 no-120, lunamandla amahle okusebenza, ukunamathela, uwoyela we-transformer kanye nokumelana nesiqandisi. Kodwa-ke, umkhiqizo unamandla amancane okumelana nomswakama, izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokuthamba kokushisa, ukusebenza okubuthakathaka kwe-solvent eqinile exutshwe ne-benzene alcohol, njalo njalo. Inani elincane kuphela lalo lisetshenziselwa ukugoqa i-transformer ecwiliswe uwoyela kanye nenjini egcwele uwoyela.
Ucingo olufakwe enamel
Ucingo olufakwe enamel
2. Izinga lokushisa lomugqa ojwayelekile wokumboza i-polyester we-polyester kanye ne-polyester eguquliwe lingu-130, kanti izinga lokushisa lomugqa wokumboza oguquliwe lingu-155. Amandla omshini womkhiqizo aphezulu, futhi anokunwebeka okuhle, ukunamathela, ukusebenza kukagesi kanye nokumelana nesinyibilikisi. Ubuthakathaka ukumelana nokushisa okubi kanye nokumelana nomthelela kanye nokumelana nomswakama ophansi. Luhlobo olukhulu kunazo zonke eShayina, olubalelwa cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu, futhi lusetshenziswa kabanzi ezimotweni ezahlukahlukene, zikagesi, zezinsimbi, zezokuxhumana kanye nemishini yasekhaya.
3. ucingo olumboza nge-polyurethane; izinga lokushisa 130, 155, 180, 200. Izici eziyinhloko zalo mkhiqizo ukushisela okuqondile, ukumelana nemvamisa ephezulu, ukufaka imibala okulula kanye nokumelana okuhle komswakama. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ezintweni zikagesi kanye nezinsimbi ezinembile, ezokuxhumana kanye nezinsimbi. Ubuthakathaka balo mkhiqizo ukuthi amandla omshini aphansi kancane, ukumelana nokushisa akuphakeme, futhi ukuguquguquka nokunamathela komugqa wokukhiqiza kubi. Ngakho-ke, imininingwane yokukhiqiza yalo mkhiqizo imicu emincane nencane.
4. Intambo yokupenda ehlanganisiwe ye-polyester imide / polyamide, izinga lokushisa elingu-180 umkhiqizo unamandla amahle okumelana nokushisa, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokuthambisa nokwephuka, amandla amahle kakhulu omshini, ukumelana okuhle kwe-solvent kanye nokusebenza kokumelana neqhwa. Ubuthakathaka ukuthi kulula ukuyi-hydrolyze ngaphansi kwezimo ezivaliwe futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ekugoqeni njengemoto, imishini kagesi, ithuluzi likagesi, i-transformer yamandla ohlobo olomile njalo njalo.
5. Uhlelo lwentambo yokuhlanganisa i-polyester IMIM / polyamide imide lusetshenziswa kabanzi emgqeni wokuhlanganisa omelana nokushisa wasekhaya nowakwamanye amazwe, izinga layo lokushisa lingu-200, umkhiqizo umelana nokushisa okuphezulu, futhi unezici zokumelana nesithwathwa, ukumelana nokubanda kanye nokumelana nemisebe, amandla aphezulu omshini, ukusebenza kukagesi okuzinzile, ukumelana okuhle kwamakhemikhali kanye nokumelana nokubanda, kanye nomthamo oqinile wokuthwala umthwalo. Isetshenziswa kabanzi kwi-compressor yesiqandisi, i-compressor yomoya opholile, amathuluzi kagesi, ama-motor nama-motor angaqhumi kanye nezinto zikagesi ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukumelana nemisebe, ukugcwala ngokweqile kanye nezinye izimo.
ukuhlolwa
Ngemva kokuba umkhiqizo usukhiqizwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukubukeka kwawo, usayizi kanye nokusebenza kwawo kuyahlangabezana nezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe zomkhiqizo kanye nezidingo zesivumelwano sobuchwepheshe somsebenzisi, kumele kuhlolwe ngokuhlolwa. Ngemva kokulinganiswa nokuhlolwa, uma kuqhathaniswa nezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe zomkhiqizo noma isivumelwano sobuchwepheshe somsebenzisi, labo abafanelekile bayafaneleka, ngaphandle kwalokho, abafaneleki. Ngokuhlolwa, ukuzinza kwekhwalithi yomugqa wokumboza kanye nokunengqondo kobuchwepheshe bezinto ezibonakalayo kungabonakala. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi kunomsebenzi wokuhlola, ukuvimbela kanye nokuhlonza. Okuqukethwe kokuhlolwa komugqa wokumboza kufaka phakathi: ukubukeka, ukuhlolwa kobukhulu kanye nokulinganisa kanye nokuhlolwa kokusebenza. Ukusebenza kufaka phakathi izakhiwo zemishini, zamakhemikhali, ezishisayo kanye nezikagesi. Manje sichaza kakhulu ukubukeka kanye nosayizi.
ubuso
(ukubukeka) kufanele kube bushelelezi futhi kube bushelelezi, kube nombala ofanayo, kungabi nazinhlayiya, kungabi na-oxidation, izinwele, ubuso bangaphakathi nangaphandle, amabala amnyama, ukususwa kopende kanye nezinye iziphambeko ezithinta ukusebenza. Ukuhlelwa komugqa kufanele kube yisicaba futhi kuqine kuzungeze idiski eku-inthanethi ngaphandle kokucindezela umugqa nokuhoxa ngokukhululeka. Kunezici eziningi ezithinta ubuso, ezihlobene nezinto zokusetshenziswa, imishini, ubuchwepheshe, imvelo nezinye izici.
usayizi
2.1 ubukhulu bentambo eyindilinga ene-enamel buhlanganisa: ubukhulu bangaphandle (ububanzi bangaphandle) d, ububanzi be-conductor D, ukuphambuka kwe-conductor △ D, ukuzungeza kwe-conductor F, ukujiya kwefilimu yopende t
2.1.1 ububanzi bangaphandle bubhekisela kububanzi obulinganiswa ngemva kokuba umqhubi egcotshwe ngefilimu yopende evikela ukushisa.
2.1.2 ububanzi bomqhubi bubhekisela kububanzi bentambo yensimbi ngemva kokuba ungqimba lokufaka ugesi lususiwe.
2.1.3 ukuphambuka komqhubi kubhekisela emehluko phakathi kwenani elilinganisiwe lobubanzi bomqhubi kanye nenani elilinganiselwe.
2.1.4 inani lokungajikelezi (f) libhekisela emehluko omkhulu phakathi kokufundwa okuphezulu kanye nokufunda okuncane okulinganiswe esigabeni ngasinye somqhubi.
2.2 Indlela yokulinganisa
2.2.1 ithuluzi lokulinganisa: i-micrometer micrometer, ukunemba o.002mm
Uma ucingo oluyindilinga olugoqwe ngopende luyi-d < 0.100mm, amandla angu-0.1-1.0n, kanti amandla angu-1-8n uma u-D engu-≥ 0.100mm; amandla omugqa oyisicaba ombozwe ngopende angama-4-8n.
Ububanzi bangaphandle obungu-2.2.2
2.2.2.1 (zungeza umugqa) lapho ububanzi obujwayelekile bomqhubi D bungaphansi kuka-0.200mm, kala ububanzi bangaphandle kanye ezindaweni ezi-3 kude nge-1m, uqophe amanani okulinganisa ama-3, bese uthatha inani elimaphakathi njengobubanzi bangaphandle.
2.2.2.2 lapho ububanzi obujwayelekile bomqhubi D bungaphezu kuka-0.200mm, ububanzi bangaphandle bulinganiswa izikhathi ezi-3 endaweni ngayinye ezindaweni ezimbili eziqhelelene nge-1m, bese kubhalwa amanani okulinganisa ayi-6, bese inani elimaphakathi lithathwa njengobubanzi bangaphandle.
2.2.2.3 ubukhulu bomphetho obanzi kanye nomphetho omncane kufanele bulinganiswe kanye ezindaweni ezingu-100mm3, futhi inani elimaphakathi lamanani amathathu alinganisiwe kufanele lithathwe njengobukhulu obuphelele bomphetho obanzi kanye nomphetho omncane.
2.2.3 Usayizi womqhubi
2.2.3.1 (ucingo oluyindilinga) lapho ububanzi obujwayelekile bomqhubi D bungaphansi kuka-0.200mm, ukufudumala kufanele kususwe nganoma iyiphi indlela ngaphandle kokulimala komqhubi ezindaweni ezi-3 eziqhele nge-1m ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ububanzi bomqhubi kufanele bulinganiswe kanye: thatha inani lawo elimaphakathi njengobubanzi bomqhubi.
2.2.3.2 lapho ububanzi obujwayelekile bomqhubi D bungaphezu kuka-o.200mm, susa ukufudumala nganoma iyiphi indlela ngaphandle kokonakalisa umqhubi, bese ulinganisa ngokwehlukana ezindaweni ezintathu ezisatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo eceleni komjikelezo womqhubi, bese uthatha inani elimaphakathi lamanani amathathu okulinganisa njengobubanzi bomqhubi.
2.2.2.3 (ucingo oluyisicaba) luqhelelene ngama-10 mm3, futhi ukufakelwa kufanele kususwe nganoma iyiphi indlela ngaphandle kokulimala komqhubi. Ubukhulu bomphetho obanzi kanye nomphetho omncane kufanele bulinganiswe kanye ngokulandelana, futhi inani elimaphakathi lamanani amathathu okulinganisa kufanele lithathwe njengosayizi womqhubi womphetho obanzi kanye nomphetho omncane.
2.3 ukubala
2.3.1 ukuphambuka = ​​D kulinganisiwe – D okujwayelekile
2.3.2 f = umehluko omkhulu kunoma yikuphi ukufundwa kobubanzi okulinganiswe esigabeni ngasinye somqhubi
2.3.3t = isilinganiso se-DD
Isibonelo 1: kukhona ipuleti le-qz-2/130 0.71omm enamel wire, futhi inani lokulinganisa lingokulandelayo
Ububanzi bangaphandle: 0.780, 0.778, 0.781, 0.776, 0.779, 0.779; ububanzi bomqhubi: 0.706, 0.709, 0.712. Ububanzi bangaphandle, ububanzi bomqhubi, ukuphambuka, inani lika-F, ukujiya kwefilimu yopende kuyabalwa futhi izimfanelo ziyahlulelwa.
Isixazululo: d= (0.780+0.778+0.781+0.776+0.779+0.779) /6=0.779mm, d= (0.706+0.709+0.712) /3=0.709mm, ukuphambuka = ​​D okulinganisiwe okujwayelekile = 0.709-0.710=-0.001mm, f = 0.712-0.706=0.006, t = DD inani elilinganisiwe = 0.779-0.709=0.070mm
Ukulinganisa kukhombisa ukuthi usayizi womugqa wokumboza uhlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile.
2.3.4 umugqa oyisicaba: ifilimu yopende ejiyile engu-0.11 < & ≤ 0.16mm, ifilimu yopende evamile engu-0.06 ＜ & < 0.11mm
I-Amax = a + △ + &max, i-Bmax = b+ △ + &max, lapho ububanzi bangaphandle be-AB bungaphezu kwe-Amax ne-Bmax, ukujiya kwefilimu kuvunyelwe ukudlula &max, ukuphambuka kobukhulu obujwayelekile a (b) a (b) ＜ 3.155 ± 0.030, 3.155 < a (b) ＜ 6.30 ± 0.050, 6.30 < B ≤ 12.50 ± 0.07, 12.50 < B ≤ 16.00 ± 0.100.
Isibonelo, 2: umugqa oyisicaba okhona qzyb-2/180 2.36 × 6.30mm, ubukhulu obulinganisiwe a: 2.478, 2.471, 2.469; a:2.341, 2.340, 2.340; b:6.450, 6.448, 6.448; b:6.260, 6.258, 6.259. Ubukhulu, ububanzi bangaphandle kanye nomqhubi wefilimu yopende kuyabalwa futhi izimfanelo ziyahlulelwa.
Isixazululo: a= (2.478+2.471+2.469) /3=2.473; b= (6.450+6.448+6.448) /3=6.449;
a=（2.341+2.340+2.340）/3=2.340；b=（6.260+6.258+6.259）/3=6.259
Ubukhulu befilimu: 2.473-2.340=0.133mm ohlangothini a kanye no-6.499-6.259=0.190mm ohlangothini B.
Isizathu sobukhulu bomqhubi ongafaneleki sibangelwa kakhulu ukucindezeleka kokumisa ngesikhathi sokupenda, ukulungiswa okungafanele kokuqina kwama-felt clip engxenyeni ngayinye, noma ukujikeleza okungaguquki kwe-set out ne-guide wheel, kanye nokudweba intambo ngaphandle kwamaphutha afihliwe noma imininingwane engalingani yomqhubi oqediwe ngokuphelele.
Isizathu esiyinhloko sosayizi wokushisa ongafaneleki wefilimu yopende ukuthi i-felt ayilungiswanga kahle, noma isikhunta asifakwanga kahle futhi isikhunta asifakwanga kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ushintsho lwesivinini senqubo, ukujiya kopende, okuqukethwe okuqinile njalo njalo kuzothinta nobukhulu befilimu yopende.

ukusebenza
3.1 Izakhiwo zemishini: kufaka phakathi ukunwebeka, i-angle yokugoba, ukuthamba nokunamathela, ukuklwebha upende, amandla okudonsa, njll.
3.1.1 ukunwebeka kukhombisa ukuqina kwezinto, okusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuqina kwentambo ene-enamel.
3.1.2 i-engeli yokubuyela emuva kanye nobumnene kubonisa ukuguquguquka okunwebekayo kwezinto, okungasetshenziswa ukuhlola ubumnene bentambo ene-enamel.
Ukunwebeka, i-engeli ye-springback kanye nobumnene kubonisa ikhwalithi yethusi kanye nezinga lokunwebeka kwentambo ene-enamel. Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta ukunwebeka kanye ne-engeli ye-springback yentambo ene-enamel yilezi (1) ikhwalithi yentambo; (2) amandla angaphandle; (3) izinga lokunwebeka.
3.1.3 ukuqina kwefilimu yopende kuhlanganisa ukugoqa kanye nokwelula, okungukuthi, ukugoqa okuvumelekile kwefilimu yopende okungaphuki ngokugoqa komqhubi.
3.1.4 ukunamathela kwefilimu yopende kuhlanganisa ukuphuka nokuxebuka okusheshayo. Amandla okunamathela kwefilimu yopende kumqhubi ahlolwa kakhulu.
Ukuhlolwa kokumelana nokuklwebheka okungu-3.1.5 kwefilimu yopende yensimbi ene-enamel kukhombisa amandla efilimu yopende ngokumelene nokuklwebheka komshini.
3.2 ukumelana nokushisa: kufaka phakathi ukushaqeka kokushisa kanye nokuhlolwa kokuqhekeka kokuthambisa.
3.2.1 ukushaqeka kokushisa kwentambo enamel kuyinto yokukhuthazela kokushisa kwefilimu yokumboza yentambo enamel enkulu ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezeleka komshini.
Izici ezithinta ukushaqeka kokushisa: upende, ucingo lwethusi kanye nenqubo yokuhlanganisa ama-enamel.
3.2.3 ukusebenza kokuthambisa nokuqhekeka kwentambo ene-enamel kuyisilinganiso sekhono lefilimu yopende yentambo ene-enamel ukumelana nokuguquguquka kokushisa ngaphansi kwamandla omshini, okungukuthi, ikhono lefilimu yopende ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokwenza ipulasitiki nokuthambisa ekushiseni okuphezulu. Ukusebenza kokuthambisa noqhekeka kokushisa kwefilimu yentambo ene-enamel kuncike esakhiweni sama-molecule sefilimu kanye namandla aphakathi kwamaketanga ama-molecule.
3.3 Izakhiwo zikagesi zifaka: i-voltage yokuqhekeka, ukuqhubeka kwefilimu kanye nokuhlolwa kokumelana ne-DC.
3.3.1 i-voltage yokuqhekeka ibhekisela kumthamo womthwalo we-voltage wefilimu yentambo ene-enamel. Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta i-voltage yokuqhekeka yilezi: (1) ukujiya kwefilimu; (2) ukuzungeza kwefilimu; (3) izinga lokuphola; (4) ukungcola efilimini.
3.3.2 ukuhlolwa kokuqhubeka kwefilimu kubizwa nangokuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-pinhole. Izici zayo eziyinhloko ezithonya yilezi: (1) izinto zokusetshenziswa; (2) inqubo yokusebenza; (3) imishini.
3.3.3 Ukumelana kwe-DC kubhekisela enanini lokumelana elilinganiswa ngobude beyunithi. Kuthinteka kakhulu yi: (1) izinga lokufaka; (2) imishini eboshwe nge-enamel.
3.4 ukumelana namakhemikhali kuhlanganisa ukumelana nesinyibilikisi kanye nokushisela okuqondile.
3.4.1 Ukumelana nokuncibilika: ngokuvamile, ucingo olufakwe enamel kufanele ludlule enkambisweni yokufumbatha ngemva kokugoqa. I-solvent eku-varnish yokufumbatha inezinga elihlukile lomphumela wokuvuvukala efilimini yopende, ikakhulukazi ekushiseni okuphezulu. Ukumelana kwamakhemikhali efilimini yocingo olufakwe enamel kunqunywa kakhulu yizici zefilimu uqobo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zopende, inqubo efakwe enamel nayo inethonya elithile ekuphikisweni kokuncibilika kwentambo efakwe enamel.
3.4.2 ukusebenza kokushisela okuqondile kwentambo ene-enamel kukhombisa ikhono lokushisela lentambo ene-enamel enkambisweni yokugoqa ngaphandle kokususa ifilimu yopende. Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta ukushisela okuqondile yilezi: (1) ithonya lobuchwepheshe, (2) ithonya lopende.

ukusebenza
3.1 Izakhiwo zemishini: kufaka phakathi ukunwebeka, i-angle yokugoba, ukuthamba nokunamathela, ukuklwebha upende, amandla okudonsa, njll.
3.1.1 ukunwebeka kukhombisa ukuqina kwezinto futhi kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuqina kwentambo efakwe enamel.
3.1.2 i-engeli ye-springback kanye nobumnene kukhombisa ukuguquguquka kokunwebeka kwezinto futhi kungasetshenziswa ukuhlola ubumnene bentambo ene-enamel.
Ukwelulwa, i-engeli ye-springback kanye nobumnene kubonisa ikhwalithi yethusi kanye nezinga lokunamathisela kwentambo ene-enamel. Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta ukunwebeka kanye ne-engeli ye-springback yentambo ene-enamel yilezi: (1) ikhwalithi yentambo; (2) amandla angaphandle; (3) izinga lokunamathisela.
3.1.3 ukuqina kwefilimu yopende kuhlanganisa ukugoqa kanye nokwelula, okungukuthi, ukuguqulwa okuvunyelwe kokucindezelwa kwefilimu yopende akuphuki ngokuguqulwa kokucindezelwa komqhubi.
3.1.4 ukunamathela kwefilimu kuhlanganisa ukuqhekeka okusheshayo kanye nokuqhekeka. Ikhono lokunamathela kwefilimu yopende kumqhubi lihlolwe.
3.1.5 ukuhlolwa kokumelana nokuklwebheka kwefilimu yocingo olune-enamel kubonisa amandla efilimu ngokumelene nokuklwebheka komshini.
3.2 ukumelana nokushisa: kufaka phakathi ukushaqeka kokushisa kanye nokuhlolwa kokuqhekeka kokuthambisa.
3.2.1 Ukushaqeka kokushisa kwentambo ene-enamel kubhekisela ekumelaneni nokushisa kwefilimu yokumboza yentambo ene-enamel eningi ngaphansi kokucindezeleka komshini.
Izici ezithinta ukushaqeka kokushisa: upende, ucingo lwethusi kanye nenqubo yokuhlanganisa ama-enamel.
3.2.3 ukusebenza kokuthambisa nokuqhekeka kwentambo ene-enamel kuyisilinganiso sekhono lefilimu yentambo ene-enamel ukumelana nokuguquguquka kokushisa ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla omshini, okungukuthi, ikhono lefilimu lokwenza ipulasitiki nokuthambisa ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu ngaphansi kwesenzo sengcindezi. Izakhiwo zokuthambisa nokuqothuka kokushisa kwefilimu yentambo ene-enamel zincike esakhiweni sama-molecule kanye namandla aphakathi kwamaketanga ama-molecule.
3.3 ukusebenza kukagesi kufaka phakathi: i-voltage yokuqhekeka, ukuqhubeka kwefilimu kanye nokuhlolwa kokumelana ne-DC.
3.3.1 i-voltage yokuqhekeka ibhekisela kumthamo wokulayisha i-voltage wefilimu yensimbi ehlanganisiwe. Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta i-voltage yokuqhekeka yilezi: (1) ukujiya kwefilimu; (2) ukuzungeza kwefilimu; (3) izinga lokuphola; (4) ukungcola efilimini.
3.3.2 ukuhlolwa kokuqhubeka kwefilimu kubizwa nangokuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-pinhole. Izici eziyinhloko ezithonya yilezi: (1) izinto zokusetshenziswa; (2) inqubo yokusebenza; (3) imishini.
3.3.3 Ukumelana kwe-DC kubhekisela enanini lokumelana elilinganiswa ngobude beyunithi. Kuthinteka kakhulu yizici ezilandelayo: (1) izinga lokufaka; (2) imishini ye-enamel.
3.4 ukumelana namakhemikhali kuhlanganisa ukumelana nesinyibilikisi kanye nokushisela okuqondile.
3.4.1 ukumelana nokuncibilika: ngokuvamile, ucingo olufakwe enamel kufanele lufakwe ngemva kokugoqwa. I-solvent eku-varnish efaka inamphumela ohlukile wokuvuvukala efilimini, ikakhulukazi ekushiseni okuphezulu. Ukumelana kwamakhemikhali kwefilimu yocingo olufakwe enamel kunqunywa kakhulu yizici zefilimu ngokwayo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokumboza, inqubo yokumboza nayo inethonya elithile ekumelaneni nokuncibilika kwentambo efakwe enamel.
3.4.2 ukusebenza kokushisela okuqondile kwentambo ene-enamel kukhombisa ikhono lokushisela lentambo ene-enamel enqubweni yokugoqa ngaphandle kokususa ifilimu yopende. Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta ukushisela okuqondile yilezi: (1) ithonya lobuchwepheshe, (2) ithonya lokumboza

inqubo yezobuchwepheshe
Khokha → ukunamathisela → ukupenda → ukubhaka → ukupholisa → ukugcoba → ukuthatha
Ukuhlela
Ekusebenzeni okuvamile kwe-enameller, iningi lamandla omqhubi kanye namandla angokomzimba kusetshenziswa engxenyeni yokukhokha. Ukufaka esikhundleni se-pay off reel kwenza osebenzayo akhokhe umsebenzi omningi, futhi ijoyinti kulula ukulidala izinkinga zekhwalithi kanye nokwehluleka kokusebenza. Indlela ephumelelayo ukusetha umthamo omkhulu.
Isihluthulelo sokukhokha ukulawula ukucindezeleka. Uma ukucindezeleka kuphezulu, ngeke nje kwenze umqhubi abe mncane, kodwa futhi kuzothinta nezakhiwo eziningi zentambo ene-enamel. Ngokubukeka, intambo encane ayinakukhanya okuhle; ngokombono wokusebenza, ukunwebeka, ukuqina, ukuguquguquka kanye nokushaqeka kokushisa kwentambo ene-enamel kuyathinteka. Ukucindezeleka komugqa wokukhokha kuncane kakhulu, umugqa kulula ukuwugxuma, okubangela ukuthi umugqa wokudonsa kanye nomugqa kuthinte umlomo wesithando. Lapho usuka, ukwesaba okukhulu ukuthi ukucindezeleka kwendilinga eyingxenye kukhulu kanti ukucindezeleka kwendilinga engxenye kuncane. Lokhu ngeke nje kwenze intambo ikhululeke futhi iphuke, kodwa futhi kubangele ukushaywa okukhulu kwentambo kuhhavini, okuholela ekwehlulekeni kokuhlangana nokuthintana kwentambo. Ukucindezeleka kokukhokha kufanele kube ngokulinganayo futhi kufanele.
Kuwusizo kakhulu ukufaka isondo lamandla elibekwe phambi kwesithando somlilo ukuze kulawulwe ukucindezeleka. Ukucindezeleka okuphezulu okunganwebeki kwentambo yethusi eguquguqukayo kungaba ngu-15kg / mm2 ekushiseni kwegumbi, 7kg / mm2 ku-400 ℃, 4kg / mm2 ku-460 ℃ kanye no-2kg / mm2 ku-500 ℃. Enqubweni evamile yokumboza intambo ene-enamel, ukucindezeleka kwentambo ene-enamel kufanele kube ngaphansi kakhulu kunokucindezeleka okunganwebeki, okufanele kulawulwe cishe ku-50%, kanti ukucindezeleka kokubeka kufanele kulawulwe cishe ku-20% wokucindezeleka okunganwebeki.
Idivayisi yokukhokha yohlobo lokujikeleza ngemisebe ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukudonsa okukhulu kanye nomthamo omkhulu; idivayisi yokukhokha yohlobo olungaphezulu noma uhlobo lwebhulashi ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa umqhubi wosayizi ophakathi; idivayisi yokukhokha yohlobo lwebhulashi noma uhlobo lwekhoni eliphindwe kabili ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa umqhubi wosayizi omncane.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokukhokha esetshenziswayo, kunezidingo eziqinile zesakhiwo kanye nekhwalithi ye-reel ye-copper wire engenalutho
—-Umphezulu kufanele ube bushelelezi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ucingo aluklwebheki
—-Kunezingqimba ze-radius r ezingama-2-4mm ezinhlangothini zombili zomgogodla womgodi kanye nangaphakathi nangaphandle kwepuleti eliseceleni, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-setting out ilingana kahle enkambisweni yoku-setting out.
—-Ngemva kokuba i-spool isicutshunguliwe, ukuhlolwa kwebhalansi engaguquki neguquguqukayo kumele kwenziwe
—-Ububanzi bomnyombo womgodi wedivayisi yokukhokha ibhulashi: ububanzi bepuleti eliseceleni bungaphansi kuka-1:1.7; ububanzi bedivayisi yokukhokha ngaphezulu bungaphansi kuka-1:1.9, ngaphandle kwalokho ucingo luzophuka lapho lukhokha luya emnyombo womgodi.

ukubopha
Inhloso yokubopha intambo ukwenza umqhubi aqine ngenxa yokushintsha kwe-lattice enqubweni yokudweba ye-die eshisiwe ekushiseni okuthile, ukuze ubumnene obudingekayo ngenqubo bubuyiselwe ngemuva kokuhlelwa kabusha kwe-lattice yama-molecule. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-lubricant esele kanye namafutha ebusweni bomqhubi ngesikhathi senqubo yokudweba kungasuswa, ukuze intambo ipendwe kalula futhi ikhwalithi yentambo ene-enamel iqinisekiswe. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi intambo ene-enamel inokuguquguquka okufanele kanye nobude enqubweni yokusebenzisa njenge-winding, futhi kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukuhanjiswa kwentambo ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Uma ukuguquguquka komqhubi kukhulu, ukwehla kobude kanye namandla okudonsa aphezulu.
Kunezindlela ezintathu ezivamile zokufaka ucingo lwethusi: ukufaka i-coil annealing; ukufaka i-annealing okuqhubekayo emshinini wokudweba ucingo; ukufaka i-annealing okuqhubekayo emshinini wokudweba ucingo. Izindlela ezimbili zangaphambili azikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zenqubo yokufaka i-enamel. Ukunamathisela i-coil kungathambisa ucingo lwethusi kuphela, kodwa ukususa amafutha akukapheli. Ngenxa yokuthi ucingo luthambile ngemva kokufaka i-annealing, ukugoba kuyanda ngesikhathi sokukhokha. Ukunamathisela okuqhubekayo emshinini wokudweba ucingo kungathambisa ucingo lwethusi futhi kususe amafutha angaphezulu, kodwa ngemva kokufaka i-annealing, ucingo lwethusi oluthambile lubopha i-coil futhi lwakha ukugoba okuningi. Ukunamathisela okuqhubekayo ngaphambi kokupenda ku-enameller akugcini nje ngokufeza inhloso yokuthambisa nokususa amafutha, kodwa futhi ucingo olufakwe i-annealing luqondile kakhulu, ngqo kudivayisi yokupenda, futhi lungambozwa ngefilimu yopende efanayo.
Izinga lokushisa lesithando somlilo esincibilikisiwe kufanele linqunywe ngokuya ngobude besithando somlilo esincibilikisiwe, incazelo yentambo yethusi kanye nesivinini somugqa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo sokushisa nesivinini, lapho isithando somlilo esincibilikisiwe side, kulapho ukubuyiselwa kwe-lattice yomqhubi kuba ngokugcwele. Lapho izinga lokushisa lesithando somlilo liphansi, lapho izinga lokushisa lesithando liphezulu, kulapho ukunwebeka kuba ngcono khona. Kodwa lapho izinga lokushisa lesithando somlilo liphezulu kakhulu, kuzovela into ephambene. Lapho izinga lokushisa lesithando somlilo liphezulu, kulapho ukunwebeka kuba kuncane khona, futhi ubuso bentambo buzolahlekelwa ukukhanya, bube buthaka.
Ukushisa okuphezulu kakhulu kwesithando somlilo esincibilikayo akugcini nje ngokuthinta impilo yesevisi yesithando somlilo, kodwa futhi kuyayishisa kalula intambo uma imiswa ukuze iqedwe, iphukile futhi ifakelwe intambo. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lesithando somlilo esincibilikayo kufanele lilawulwe cishe ku-500 ℃. Kuyasebenza ukukhetha indawo yokulawula izinga lokushisa endaweni elinganiselwe yokushisa okungaguquki nokuguquguqukayo ngokusebenzisa ukulawula izinga lokushisa okunezigaba ezimbili kwesithando somlilo.
Ithusi kulula ukulifaka ekushiseni okuphezulu. I-Copper oxide ikhululekile kakhulu, futhi ifilimu yopende ayikwazi ukunamathela ngokuqinile entanjeni yethusi. I-Copper oxide inomthelela wokukhulisa ifilimu yopende, futhi inemiphumela emibi ekuguquguqukeni, ekushaqekeni kokushisa kanye nokuguga kokushisa kwentambo ene-enamel. Uma umqhubi wethusi engafakwanga ekushiseni, kubalulekile ukugcina umqhubi wethusi engathintani nomoya-mpilo emoyeni ekushiseni okuphezulu, ngakho-ke kufanele kube negesi evikelayo. Izitofu eziningi zokufutha zivaliwe ngamanzi ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi zivuleke kolunye. Amanzi asethangini lamanzi lesithando sokufutha anemisebenzi emithathu: ukuvala umlomo wesithando, ucingo lokupholisa, ukukhiqiza umusi njengegesi evikelayo. Ekuqaleni kokuqala, ngoba kunomusi omncane ethangini lokufutha, umoya awukwazi ukususwa ngesikhathi, ngakho-ke inani elincane lesisombululo samanzi otshwala (1:1) lingathululwa ethangini lokufutha. (qaphela ukuthi ungathululi utshwala obuhlanzekile futhi ulawule umthamo)
Ikhwalithi yamanzi ethangini lokunamathisela ibaluleke kakhulu. Ukungcola emanzini kuzokwenza ucingo lungcole, kuthinte upende, kungakwazi ukwakha ifilimu ebushelelezi. Okuqukethwe kwe-chlorine emanzini abuyiselwe kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-5mg / L, kanti ukuhanjiswa komoya kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-50 μ Ω / cm. Ama-ion e-chloride anamathele ebusweni bentambo yethusi azokonakalisa ucingo lwethusi kanye nefilimu yokupenda ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, futhi akhiqize amabala amnyama ebusweni bentambo efilimu yokupenda yentambo ene-enamel. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi, isinki kumele ihlanzwe njalo.
Kudingeka izinga lokushisa lamanzi ethangini. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi eliphezulu lihambisana nokuvela komusi ukuze kuvikelwe ucingo lwethusi olufakwe emanzini. Ucingo oluphuma ethangini lamanzi akulula ukuthwala amanzi, kodwa aluhambisani nokuphola kocingo. Nakuba izinga lokushisa lamanzi eliphansi lidlala indima yokupholisa, kunamanzi amaningi ethangini, okungahambisani nomdwebo. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa lamanzi lomugqa ojiyile liphansi, kanti elomugqa omncane liphakeme. Lapho ucingo lwethusi luphuma ebusweni bamanzi, kuba nomsindo wokuhwamuka nokuphalaza amanzi, okubonisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphezulu kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, umugqa ojiyile ulawulwa ku-50 ~ 60 ℃, umugqa ophakathi ulawulwa ku-60 ~ 70 ℃, kanti umugqa omncane ulawulwa ku-70 ~ 80 ℃. Ngenxa yesivinini sawo esiphezulu kanye nenkinga enkulu yokuthwala amanzi, umugqa omncane kufanele womiswe ngomoya oshisayo.

Ukudweba
Ukupenda kuyinqubo yokumboza ucingo lokumboza kumqhubi wensimbi ukuze kwakheke ukugqoka okufanayo okunobukhulu obuthile. Lokhu kuhlobene nezimo eziningana ezibonakalayo zezindlela zoketshezi nokupenda.
1. izenzakalo ezibonakalayo
1) Ukuqina lapho uketshezi lugeleza, ukungqubuzana phakathi kwama-molecule kubangela ukuthi i-molecule eyodwa ihambe nenye ingqimba. Ngenxa yamandla okusebenzisana, ingqimba yokugcina yama-molecule ivimbela ukunyakaza kwengqimba yangaphambilini yama-molecule, ngaleyo ndlela ibonise umsebenzi wokunamathela, okubizwa ngokuthi i-viscosity. Izindlela ezahlukene zokupenda kanye nemininingwane ehlukene yomqhubi zidinga i-viscosity ehlukene yopende. I-viscosity ihlobene kakhulu nesisindo sama-molecule se-resin, isisindo sama-molecule se-resin sikhulu, kanti i-viscosity yopende inkulu. Isetshenziselwa ukupenda umugqa oqondile, ngoba izakhiwo zemishini zefilimu ezitholwe ngesisindo sama-molecule aphezulu zingcono. I-resin ene-viscosity encane isetshenziselwa ukumboza umugqa omncane, kanti isisindo sama-molecule se-resin sincane futhi kulula ukusimboza ngokulinganayo, futhi ifilimu yopende ibushelelezi.
2) Kukhona ama-molecule azungeze ama-molecule ngaphakathi koketshezi lokuxinana kobuso. Amandla adonsela phansi phakathi kwala ma-molecule angafinyelela ibhalansi yesikhashana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amandla engqimba yama-molecule ebusweni boketshezi angaphansi kwamandla adonsela phansi ama-molecule oketshezi, futhi amandla awo akhomba ekujuleni koketshezi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, angaphansi kwamandla adonsela phansi ama-molecule egesi. Kodwa-ke, ama-molecule egesi angaphansi kwama-molecule oketshezi futhi akude kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ama-molecule angaphansi kongqimba loketshezi angatholakala Ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi ngaphakathi koketshezi, ubuso boketshezi buncipha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze bakhe ubhontshisi oyindilinga. Indawo engaphezulu kwendilinga incane kakhulu ku-geometry efanayo yevolumu. Uma uketshezi lungathinteki ngamanye amandla, luhlala luyindilinga ngaphansi kokucindezeleka kobuso.
Ngokusho kokuqina kobuso bomphezulu woketshezi lopende, ukugoba kobuso obungalingani kuhlukile, futhi ingcindezi enhle yephuzu ngalinye ayilingani. Ngaphambi kokungena esithandweni sopende, uketshezi lopende engxenyeni ejiyile lugeleza luye endaweni encane ngokuqina kobuso, ukuze uketshezi lopende lufane. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi inqubo yokulinganisa. Ukufana kwefilimu yopende kuthintwa umphumela wokulinganisa, futhi kuthintwa namandla adonsela phansi. Kokubili kungumphumela wamandla aphumayo.
Ngemva kokuba i-felt yenziwe ngomshini wokupenda, kuba nenqubo yokudonsa nxazonke. Ngenxa yokuthi ucingo lumbozwe nge-felt, isimo soketshezi lokupenda simise okwe-olive. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezeleka kobuso, ikhambi lokupenda linqoba ukujiya kopende ngokwalo bese liphenduka indilinga ngomzuzwana. Inqubo yokudweba nokuzungeza ikhambi lokupenda iboniswe esithombeni:
1 – umqhubi wopende kufelithi 2 – umzuzu wokukhipha kwefelithi 3 – uketshezi lopende luyindilinga ngenxa yokucindezeleka kobuso
Uma imininingwane yentambo incane, i-viscosity yopende incane, futhi isikhathi esidingekayo sokudweba indilinga sincane; uma imininingwane yentambo ikhula, i-viscosity yopende iyanda, kanti isikhathi sokuzungeza esidingekayo naso sikhulu. Kupende ovilaphayo kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi ukucindezeleka kobuso akukwazi ukunqoba ukungqubuzana kwangaphakathi kopende, okubangela ungqimba lopende olungalingani.
Uma ucingo olumboziwe luzwakala, kusenenkinga yamandla adonsela phansi enkambisweni yokudweba nokuzungeza ungqimba lopende. Uma isikhathi sesenzo sombuthano wokudonsa sifushane, i-engeli ebukhali yomnqumo izonyamalala ngokushesha, isikhathi somphumela wesenzo samandla adonsela phansi sifushane kakhulu, kanti ungqimba lopende kumqhubi lufana kakhulu. Uma isikhathi sokudweba side, i-engeli ebukhali kuzo zombili izinhlangothi inesikhathi eside futhi isikhathi sesenzo samandla adonsela phansi siside. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungqimba loketshezi lopende ekhoneni elibukhali lunomkhuba wokugeleza okwehlayo, okwenza ungqimba lopende ezindaweni zasendaweni lube lukhulu, futhi ukucindezelwa kobuso kubangela ukuthi uketshezi lopende ludonseleke ebholeni lube yizinhlayiya. Ngenxa yokuthi amandla adonsela phansi abonakala kakhulu lapho ungqimba lopende lukhulu, akuvunyelwe ukuba lukhulu kakhulu lapho kufakwa ungqimba ngalunye, okungenye yezizathu zokuthi kungani "upende omncane usetshenziselwa ukugqoka ungqimba olungaphezu kolulodwa" lapho umboza umugqa wokupenda.
Uma umboza umugqa omncane, uma ujiyile, uyafinyela ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezeleka kobuso, wakhe uboya obunesimo samagagasi noma soqalo.
Uma kukhona i-burr encane kakhulu ku-conductor, i-burr akulula ukuyipenda ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezeleka kobuso, futhi kulula ukuyilahla futhi ibe mncane, okubangela imbobo yenalithi yocingo olune-enamel.
Uma umqhubi oyindilinga eyindilinga, ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezela okwengeziwe, ungqimba loketshezi lopende luba luncane emaphethelweni amabili e-elliptical long axis futhi lube lukhulu emaphethelweni amabili e-short axis, okuholela esimweni esibalulekile sokungalingani. Ngakho-ke, ukuzungeza kocingo lwethusi oluyindilinga olusetshenziselwa ucingo olune-enamel kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo.
Uma ibhamuza likhiqizwa ngopende, ibhamuza lingumoya ogoqwe ngesisombululo sopende ngesikhathi sokuxubha nokondla. Ngenxa yesilinganiso esincane somoya, likhuphukela endaweni yangaphandle ngokuntanta. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokucindezeleka kobuso boketshezi lopende, umoya awukwazi ukudabula ebusweni bese uhlala oketshezini lopende. Lolu hlobo lopende olunebhamuza lomoya lufakwa ebusweni bentambo bese lungena esithandweni sokusonga upende. Ngemva kokufudumala, umoya uyanda ngokushesha, futhi uketshezi lopende luyapendwa Lapho ukucindezeleka kobuso boketshezi kuncipha ngenxa yokushisa, ubuso bomugqa wokumboza abubushelelezi.
3) Isenzakalo sokumanzisa ukuthi amaconsi e-mercury ancipha abe ama-ellipses epuletini lengilazi, bese amaconsi amanzi anda epuletini lengilazi ukuze akhe ungqimba oluncane olunesikhungo esigoqekile kancane. Esokuqala siyinto engamanzisi, kanti esesibili siyinto enomswakama. Ukumanzisa kuwukubonakaliswa kwamandla ama-molecule. Uma amandla adonsela phansi phakathi kwama-molecule oketshezi engaphansi kwalawo aphakathi koketshezi nokuqinile, uketshezi lumanzisa okuqinile, bese uketshezi lungambozwa ngokulinganayo ebusweni bento eqinile; uma amandla adonsela phansi phakathi kwama-molecule oketshezi ekhulu kunalawo aphakathi koketshezi nokuqinile, uketshezi alukwazi ukumanzisa okuqinile, futhi uketshezi luzoncipha lube yinqwaba ebusweni obuqinile. Kuyiqembu. Zonke iziphuzo zingamanzisa ezinye izinto eziqinile, hhayi ezinye. I-engeli ephakathi komugqa we-tangent wezinga loketshezi kanye nomugqa we-tangent wobuso obuqinile ibizwa ngokuthi i-contact angle. I-engeli yokuxhumana ingaphansi kuka-90 ° uketshezi oluqinile olumanzi, futhi uketshezi alumanzisi okuqinile ku-90 ° noma ngaphezulu.
Uma ubuso bentambo yethusi bukhanya futhi buhlanzekile, ungqimba lopende lungasetshenziswa. Uma ubuso bugcwele uwoyela, i-engeli yokuxhumana phakathi komqhubi kanye ne-interface yolwelo lopende iyathinteka. Ulwelo lopende luzoshintsha kusukela ekumanziseni kuya ekungamanziseni. Uma intambo yethusi iqinile, ukuhlelwa kwe-molecular lattice ebusweni akukhangi kangako upende, okuyinto engahambisani nokumanzisa kwentambo yethusi yisisombululo se-lacquer.
4) I-Capillary phenomenon uketshezi olusodongeni lwepayipi luyanda, kanti uketshezi olungamanzisi udonga lwepayipi luyancipha epayipini lubizwa ngokuthi i-capillary phenomenon. Lokhu kungenxa ye-wetting phenomenon kanye nomphumela wokucindezeleka kobuso. Ukupenda nge-felt kusetshenziswa i-capillary phenomenon. Lapho uketshezi lumanzisa udonga lwepayipi, uketshezi luyakhuphuka odongeni lwepayipi ukuze lwakhe ubuso obugobile, okwandisa indawo yobuso boketshezi, futhi ukucindezeleka kobuso kufanele kwenze ubuso boketshezi bunciphe bube buncane. Ngaphansi kwaleli gunya, izinga loketshezi lizoba ngokuvundlile. Uketshezi olusepayipini luzokhuphuka ngokukhula kuze kube yilapho umphumela wokumanzisa kanye nokucindezeleka kobuso udonsela phezulu futhi isisindo sekholomu yoketshezi epayipini sifinyelela ibhalansi, uketshezi olusepayipini luzoyeka. Yeka ukukhuphuka. Uma i-capillary incane, amandla adonsela phansi athile oketshezi, i-engeli yokuxhumana yokumanzisa incane, ukucindezeleka kobuso kukhulu, izinga loketshezi liphakeme e-capillary, kulapho i-capillary isobala khona.

2. Indlela yokupenda nge-felt
Isakhiwo sendlela yokupenda ngefelti silula futhi ukusebenza kulula. Uma nje ifelti iboshwe kahle ezinhlangothini zombili zentambo nge-felti splint, izici ezikhululekile, ezithambile, ezinwebekayo nezingenazo izikhala zefelti zisetshenziselwa ukwakha imbobo yokubumba, ukuklwebha upende osele ocingweni, ukumunca, ukugcina, ukuthutha nokwenza uketshezi lopende nge-capillary phenomenon, bese kufakwa uketshezi lopende olufanayo ebusweni bentambo.
Indlela yokumboza ngefeli ayifanele upende wensimbi onama-enamel onomphunga osheshayo kakhulu we-solvent volatilization noma i-viscosity ephezulu kakhulu. Umphunga osheshayo kakhulu we-solvent volatilization kanye ne-viscosity ephezulu kakhulu kuzovimba izikhala zefeli futhi kulahlekelwe ngokushesha ukunwebeka kwayo okuhle kanye nekhono layo lokukhipha i-capillary.
Uma usebenzisa indlela yokupenda ngefelthi, kufanele unake lokhu okulandelayo:
1) Ibanga phakathi kwe-clamp yefelthi kanye nokungena kwe-oven. Uma ucabangela amandla okulinganisa kanye nokudonsa ngemuva kokupenda, izici zokumiswa komugqa kanye nokudonsa kopende, ibanga phakathi kwefelthi kanye nethangi lokupenda (umshini ovundlile) lingu-50-80mm, kanti ibanga phakathi kwefelthi nomlomo we-furnace lingu-200-250mm.
2) Imininingwane yefelti. Uma umboza imininingwane eqinile, ifelti iyadingeka ukuthi ibe banzi, iqine, ithambile, inwebeke, futhi inezimbobo eziningi. Ifelti kulula ukuyidala izimbobo ezinkulu zesikhunta enkambisweni yokupenda, inokugcinwa okuningi kopende kanye nokulethwa okusheshayo. Iyadingeka ukuthi ibe mncane, ibe mncane, ibe lukhuni futhi ibe nezimbobo ezincane uma usebenzisa intambo encane. Ifelti ingasongwa ngendwangu yoboya bekotini noma indwangu ye-T-shirt ukuze yakhe indawo encane nethambile, ukuze inani lokupenda libe lincane futhi lifane.
Izidingo zobukhulu kanye nobuningi befelt eboshwe
Incazelo mm ububanzi × ukujiya ukuminyana g / cm3 incazelo mm ububanzi × ukujiya ukuminyana g / cm3
0.8~2.5 50×16 0.14~0.16 0.1~0.2 30×6 0.25~0.30
0.4~0.8 40×12 0.16~0.20 0.05~0.10 25×4 0.30~0.35
20 ~ 0.250.05 ngaphansi kuka-20 × 30.35 ~ 0.40
3) Ikhwalithi yefelthi. Ifelthi yoboya esezingeni eliphezulu enefayibha encane nende iyadingeka ukuze kupendwe (ifayibha yokwenziwa enokumelana nokushisa okuhle kakhulu kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka isetshenziswe ukufaka esikhundleni sefelthi yoboya emazweni angaphandle). 5%, pH = 7, ukujiya okubushelelezi, okufanayo.
4) Izidingo ze-felt splint. I-splint kumele ihlelwe futhi icutshungulwe ngokunembile, ngaphandle kokugqwala, igcine indawo eqondile yokuxhumana ne-felt, ngaphandle kokugoba nokuguquka. I-splint yesisindo esihlukene kufanele ilungiswe ngobubanzi obuhlukene bezintambo. Ukuqina kwe-felt kufanele kulawulwe yi-self gravity ye-splint ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi kufanele kugwenywe ukuthi icindezelwe ngesikulufu noma ngesipilingi. Indlela yokuzihlanganisa nge-self gravity ingenza ukumbozwa kwentambo ngayinye kuhambisane kahle.
5) I-felt kufanele ihambisane kahle nokunikezwa kopende. Ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi izinto zopende azishintshi, inani lokunikezwa kopende lingalawulwa ngokulungisa ukuzungeza kwe-roller yokuhambisa upende. Indawo ye-felt, i-splint kanye ne-conductor kufanele ihlelwe ngendlela yokuthi imbobo ye-die yokwakha ilingane ne-conductor, ukuze kugcinwe ingcindezi efanayo ye-felt ku-conductor. Indawo evundlile yesondo lokuqondisa lomshini we-enamel ovundlile kufanele ibe ngaphansi kunengxenye ephezulu ye-roller ye-enamel, futhi ukuphakama kwengxenye ephezulu ye-roller ye-enamel kanye nesikhungo se-interlayer ye-felt kumele kube semugqeni ofanayo ovundlile. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukujiya kwefilimu kanye nokuphela kwentambo ye-enamel, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa ukujikeleza okuncane kokunikezwa kopende. Uketshezi lopende lufakwa ebhokisini elikhulu lopende, futhi upende wokujikeleza ufakwa ethangini elincane lopende kusuka ebhokisini elikhulu lopende. Ngokusetshenziswa kopende, ithangi elincane lopende lihlala lihambisana nopende ebhokisini elikhulu lopende, ukuze upende osethangini elincane lopende ugcine i-viscosity efanayo kanye nokuqukethwe okuqinile.
6) Ngemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi esithile, izimbobo zefelt eboshwe zizovinjelwa yimpuphu yethusi entanjeni yethusi noma okunye ukungcola okupende. Intambo ephukile, intambo enamathelayo noma ijoyinti ekukhiqizweni izoklwebha futhi yonakalise ubuso obuthambile nobulinganayo befelt. Ubuso bentambo buzolimala ngenxa yokungqubuzana kwesikhathi eside nefelt. Imisebe yokushisa emlonyeni wesithando izoqinisa ifelt, ngakho-ke idinga ukushintshwa njalo.
7) Ukupenda ngefelthi kunezinkinga zayo ezingenakugwenywa. Ukushintsha njalo, izinga eliphansi lokusetshenziswa, ukwanda kwemikhiqizo elahliwe, ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwefelthi; ubukhulu befilimu phakathi kwemigqa akulula ukufinyelela okufanayo; kulula ukubangela ukungezwani kwefilimu; isivinini sinqunyelwe. Ngenxa yokuthi ukungqubuzana okubangelwa ukunyakaza okuhlobene phakathi kwentambo nefelthi lapho isivinini sentambo sishesha kakhulu, kuzokhiqiza ukushisa, kushintshe ukujiya kopende, futhi kushise ngisho nefelthi; ukusebenza okungafanele kuzoletha ifelthi esithandweni futhi kubangele izingozi zomlilo; kunezintambo zefelthi efilimini yentambo enefelthi, ezizoba nemiphumela emibi entanjeni enefelthi engamelani nokushisa okuphezulu; upende one-viscosity ephezulu awukwazi ukusetshenziswa, okuzokhulisa izindleko.

3. Iphasi lokupenda
Inani lezindlela zokupenda lithinteka okuqukethwe okuqinile, ukujiya, ukucindezeleka kobuso, i-engeli yokuxhumana, isivinini sokomisa, indlela yokupenda kanye nobukhulu bokumboza. Upende wensimbi ojwayelekile onama-enamel kumele umbozwe futhi ubhakwe izikhathi eziningi ukuze i-solvent iphele ngokuphelele, ukusabela kwe-resin kuqediwe, futhi kwakheka ifilimu enhle.
Indlela yokupenda ngesivinini sopende yokuqukethwe okuqinile kokuqina kobuso bepende
Isikhunta esisheshayo nesihamba kancane esinobukhulu obuphakeme nobuphansi obukhulu nobuncane obuphezulu nobuphansi
Zingaki izikhathi zokupenda
Isimbozo sokuqala siyisihluthulelo. Uma sincane kakhulu, ifilimu izokhiqiza ukungena komoya okuthile, futhi umqhubi wethusi uzoncibilikiswa, futhi ekugcineni ubuso bentambo ene-enamel buzoqhakaza. Uma sijiyile kakhulu, ukusabela kokuxhumanisa kungase kungabi ngokwanele futhi ukunamathela kwefilimu kuzoncipha, futhi upende uzoncipha esicongweni ngemva kokuphuka.
Ukwembozwa kokugcina kuncane, okuzuzisa ukumelana nokuklwebheka kwentambo efakwe enamel.
Ekukhiqizweni komugqa wencazelo encane, inani lokupenda lithinta ngqo ukubukeka kanye nokusebenza kwembobo yephini.

ukubhaka
Ngemva kokuba ucingo selupendiwe, lungena kuhhavini. Okokuqala, isinyibilikisi esikupende siyahwamuka, bese siqina ukuze sakhe ungqimba lwefilimu yopende. Bese, sipendiwe bese sibhakwa. Yonke inqubo yokubhaka iqedwa ngokuphinda lokhu izikhathi eziningana.
1. Ukusatshalaliswa kokushisa kwehhavini
Ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa lehhavini kunethonya elikhulu ekubhakeni kwentambo ehlanganisiwe. Kunezidingo ezimbili zokusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa lehhavini: izinga lokushisa elide kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphambene. Imfuneko yezinga lokushisa elide ligobile, okungukuthi, kusukela phansi kuya phezulu, bese kuba kusukela phezulu kuya phansi. Izinga lokushisa eliphambene kufanele libe liqondile. Ukufana kwezinga lokushisa eliphambene kuncike ekushiseni, ukugcinwa kokushisa kanye nokufakwa kwegesi eshisayo kwemishini.
Inqubo yokufakelwa kwe-enamel idinga ukuthi isithando sokufakelwa kwe-enamel sihlangabezane nezidingo ze
a) Ukulawula izinga lokushisa okunembile, ± 5 ℃
b) Ijika lokushisa lesithando lingalungiswa, futhi izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lendawo yokwelapha lingafinyelela ku-550 ℃
c) Umehluko wokushisa ophambukayo akufanele udlule ku-5 ℃.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokushisa kuhhavini: izinga lokushisa lomthombo wokushisa, izinga lokushisa lomoya kanye nezinga lokushisa lomqhubi. Ngokwesiko, izinga lokushisa lesithando lilinganiswa yi-thermocouple ebekwe emoyeni, futhi izinga lokushisa ngokuvamile liseduze nezinga lokushisa legesi esithandweni. Umthombo we-T > i-t-gas > i-T-paint > i-t-wire (i-T-paint izinga lokushisa lokushintsha okungokwenyama namakhemikhali kopende kuhhavini). Ngokuvamile, i-T-paint ingaphansi cishe ngo-100 ℃ kune-t-gas.
Ihhavini lihlukaniswe indawo yokuhwamuka kanye nendawo yokuqina ngokwesikhathi eside. Indawo yokuhwamuka ilawulwa yi-solvent yokuhwamuka, kanti indawo yokupholisa ilawulwa ifilimu yokupholisa.
2. Ukuhwamuka
Ngemva kokuba upende wokufaka umswakama usetshenziswe kumqhubi, isinyibilikisi kanye nesinyibilikisi kuyahwamuka ngesikhathi sokubhaka. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zoketshezi oluya kugesi: ukuhwamuka kanye nokubila. Ama-molecule aphezu koketshezi angena emoyeni abizwa ngokuthi ukuhwamuka, okungenziwa kunoma yiliphi izinga lokushisa. Uma ethintwa izinga lokushisa kanye nokuminyana, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokuminyana okuphansi kungasheshisa ukuhwamuka. Lapho ukuminyana kufinyelela inani elithile, uketshezi ngeke lusahwamuka futhi lugcwale. Ama-molecule angaphakathi koketshezi aphenduka igesi ukuze akhe ama-bubbles futhi akhuphukele ebusweni boketshezi. Ama-bubbles ayaqhuma futhi akhiphe umusi. Isenzakalo sokuthi ama-molecule angaphakathi naphezu koketshezi ahwamuka ngesikhathi esifanayo sibizwa ngokuthi ukubila.
Ifilimu yentambo ehlanganisiwe iyadingeka ukuze ibe bushelelezi. Ukuhwamuka kwe-solvent kumele kwenziwe ngendlela yokuhwamuka. Ukubilisa akuvunyelwe nhlobo, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzovela amabhamuza nezinhlayiya ezinoboya ebusweni bentambo ehlanganisiwe. Ngokuhwamuka kwe-solvent kupende oluwuketshezi, upende ovikelayo uba mkhulu futhi ube mkhulu, futhi isikhathi sokuba i-solvent ngaphakathi kwepende eliwuketshezi ithuthele ebusweni siba side, ikakhulukazi kuntambo ehlanganisiwe ehlanganisiwe. Ngenxa yobukhulu bepende eliwuketshezi, isikhathi sokuhwamuka sidinga ukuba side ukuze kugwenywe ukuhwamuka kwe-solvent yangaphakathi futhi kutholakale ifilimu ebushelelezi.
Izinga lokushisa lendawo yokuhwamuka lincike endaweni yokubila yesisombululo. Uma indawo yokubila iphansi, izinga lokushisa lendawo yokuhwamuka lizoba phansi. Kodwa-ke, izinga lokushisa lopende ebusweni bentambo lidluliselwa kusuka ekushiseni kwesithando, kanye nokumuncwa kokushisa kokuhwamuka kwesisombululo, ukumuncwa kokushisa kwentambo, ngakho izinga lokushisa lopende ebusweni bentambo liphansi kakhulu kunezinga lokushisa lesithando.
Nakuba kunesigaba sokuhwamuka ekubhakeni kwama-enamel amahle, i-solvent iyahwamuka ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu ngenxa yokwembozwa okuncane ocingweni, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa endaweni yokuhwamuka lingaba phezulu. Uma ifilimu idinga izinga lokushisa eliphansi ngesikhathi sokugcoba, njenge-polyurethane enamel wire, izinga lokushisa endaweni yokuhwamuka liphakeme kunalelo elisendaweni yokugcoba. Uma izinga lokushisa lendawo yokuhwamuka liphansi, ubuso be-enamel wire buzokwakha izinwele ezincibilikayo, ngezinye izikhathi ezifana namagagasi noma i-slubby, ngezinye izikhathi ezigobile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ungqimba olufanayo lopende lwenziwa ocingweni ngemva kokuba ucingo lupendwe. Uma ifilimu ingabhakwanga ngokushesha, upende uyashwabana ngenxa yokucindezeleka kobuso kanye ne-engeli yokumanzisa yopende. Lapho izinga lokushisa lendawo yokuhwamuka liphansi, izinga lokushisa lopende liphansi, isikhathi sokuhwamuka kwe-solvent side, ukuhamba kopende ekuhwamukeni kwe-solvent kuncane, futhi ukuleveli kuphansi. Uma izinga lokushisa lendawo yokuhwamuka liphezulu, izinga lokushisa lopende liphezulu, futhi isikhathi sokuhwamuka kwe-solvent side. Isikhathi sokuhwamuka sifushane, ukunyakaza kopende oluwuketshezi ekuhwamukeni kwe-solvent kukhulu, ukuhleleka kuhle, futhi ubuso bentambo ene-enamel bubushelelezi.
Uma izinga lokushisa endaweni yokuhwamuka liphezulu kakhulu, i-solvent esendlaleloni sangaphandle izohwamuka ngokushesha lapho ucingo olumboziwe lungena kuhhavini, oluzokwakha “i-jelly” ngokushesha, ngaleyo ndlela luvimbele ukufuduka kwangaphandle kwe-solvent esendlalelo sangaphakathi. Ngenxa yalokho, inani elikhulu le-solvent esendlaleloni sangaphakathi lizophoqeleka ukuba lihwamuke noma libile ngemva kokungena endaweni yokushisa okuphezulu kanye nentambo, okuzobhubhisa ukuqhubeka kwefilimu yopende wobuso futhi kubangele ama-pinhole nama-bubbles efilimu yopende kanye nezinye izinkinga zekhwalithi.

3. ukwelapha
Intambo ingena endaweni yokupholisa ngemva kokuhwamuka. Ukusabela okuyinhloko endaweni yokupholisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kopende, okungukuthi, ukuxhumanisa nokulungisa isisekelo sopende. Isibonelo, upende we-polyester uhlobo lwefilimu yopende eyakha isakhiwo senethi ngokuxhumanisa i-ester yesihlahla ngesakhiwo esiqondile. Ukusabela kokupholisa kubaluleke kakhulu, kuhlobene ngqo nokusebenza komugqa wokubopha. Uma ukupholisa kunganele, kungathinta ukuguquguquka, ukumelana nokuxazulula, ukumelana nokuklwebheka kanye nokuwohloka kokuthamba kwentambo yokubopha. Ngezinye izikhathi, yize yonke imisebenzi yayimihle ngaleso sikhathi, ukuqina kwefilimu kwakukubi, futhi ngemva kwesikhathi sokugcina, idatha yokusebenza yehla, ngisho nangaphandle kokufaneleka. Uma ukupholisa kuphezulu kakhulu, ifilimu iba buthakathaka, ukuguquguquka kanye nokushaqeka kokushisa kuzoncipha. Iningi lezintambo ezifakwe enamel linganqunywa umbala wefilimu yokupenda, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi umugqa wokubopha ubhakwa kaningi, akuphelele ukwahlulela ngokubukeka kuphela. Lapho ukupholisa kwangaphakathi kunganele futhi ukupholisa kwangaphandle kwanele kakhulu, umbala womugqa wokubopha muhle kakhulu, kodwa isici sokuqhekeka sibi kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa kokuguga kokushisa kungaholela ekuqhekekeni okukhulu kwesigqoko sokumboza noma ekuqhekekeni okukhulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho ukuqina kwangaphakathi kukuhle kodwa ukuqina kwangaphandle kunganele, umbala womugqa wokumboza nawo muhle, kodwa ukumelana nokuklwebheka kubi kakhulu.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho ukuqina kwangaphakathi kukuhle kodwa ukuqina kwangaphandle kunganele, umbala womugqa wokumboza nawo muhle, kodwa ukumelana nokuklwebheka kubi kakhulu.
Intambo ingena endaweni yokupholisa ngemva kokuhwamuka. Ukusabela okuyinhloko endaweni yokupholisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kopende, okungukuthi, ukuxhumanisa nokulungisa isisekelo sopende. Isibonelo, upende we-polyester uhlobo lwefilimu yopende eyakha isakhiwo senethi ngokuxhumanisa i-ester yesihlahla ngesakhiwo esiqondile. Ukusabela kokupholisa kubaluleke kakhulu, kuhlobene ngqo nokusebenza komugqa wokubopha. Uma ukupholisa kunganele, kungathinta ukuguquguquka, ukumelana nokuxazulula, ukumelana nokuklwebheka kanye nokuwohloka kokuthamba kwentambo yokubopha.
Uma ukuqina kunganele, kungathinta ukuguquguquka, ukumelana noketshezi oluyincibilikisile, ukumelana nokuklwebheka kanye nokuwohloka kokuthamba kwentambo yokumboza. Ngezinye izikhathi, yize yonke imisebenzi yayimihle ngaleso sikhathi, ukuzinza kwefilimu kwakukubi, futhi ngemva kwesikhathi sokugcina, idatha yokusebenza yehla, ngisho noma ingafaneleki. Uma ukuqina kuphezulu kakhulu, ifilimu iba buthakathaka, ukuguquguquka kanye nokushaqeka kokushisa kuzoncipha. Iningi lezintambo ezifakwe enamel linganqunywa ngombala wefilimu yopende, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi umugqa wokumboza ubhakwa kaningi, akuphelele ukwahlulela ngokubukeka kuphela. Lapho ukuqina kwangaphakathi kunganele futhi ukuqina kwangaphandle kwanele kakhulu, umbala womugqa wokumboza muhle kakhulu, kodwa isici sokuklwebheka sibi kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa kokuguga kokushisa kungaholela ekuqhekekeni okukhulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho ukuqina kwangaphakathi kukuhle kodwa ukuqina kwangaphandle kunganele, umbala womugqa wokumboza nawo muhle, kodwa ukumelana nokuklwebheka kukubi kakhulu. Ekuphenduleni kokwelapha, ubuningi begesi yokumboza noma umswakama kugesi kuthinta kakhulu ukwakheka kwefilimu, okwenza amandla efilimu omugqa wokumboza anciphe futhi ukumelana nokuklwebheka kuthinteke.
Iningi lezintambo ezifakwe enamel linganqunywa ngombala wefilimu yopende, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi umugqa wokumboza ubhakwa kaningi, akuwona ophelele ukwahlulela ngokubukeka kuphela. Uma ukumboza kwangaphakathi kunganele futhi ukumboza kwangaphandle kwanele, umbala womugqa wokumboza muhle kakhulu, kodwa isici sokumboza sibi kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa kokuguga kokushisa kungaholela ekumbozeni noma ekumbozeni okukhulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho ukumboza kwangaphakathi kukuhle kodwa ukumboza kwangaphandle kunganele, umbala womugqa wokumboza nawo muhle, kodwa ukumelana nokuklwebheka kubi kakhulu. Ekuphenduleni kokumboza, ubuningi begesi enyibilikayo noma umswakama kugesi kuthinta kakhulu ukwakheka kwefilimu, okwenza amandla efilimu omugqa wokumboza anciphe futhi ukumelana nokuklwebheka kuthinteke.

4. Ukulahlwa kwemfucuza
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokubhaka ucingo olune-enamel, umusi we-solvent kanye nezinto eziqhekekile zama-molecule aphansi kumele zikhishwe esithandweni ngesikhathi. Ubuningi bomusi we-solvent kanye nomswakama kugesi kuzothinta ukuhwamuka kanye nokuqina kwenqubo yokubhaka, kanti izinto zama-molecule aphansi zizothinta ukushelela nokukhanya kwefilimu yopende. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcwala komsi we-solvent kuhlobene nokuphepha, ngakho-ke ukukhishwa kwemfucuza kubaluleke kakhulu kwikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukukhiqizwa okuphephile kanye nokusetshenziswa kokushisa.
Uma kucatshangelwa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokukhiqizwa kokuphepha, inani lokukhishwa kwemfucuza kufanele libe likhulu, kodwa inani elikhulu lokushisa kufanele lisuswe ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngakho-ke ukukhishwa kwemfucuza kufanele kufaneleke. Ukukhishwa kwemfucuza yesithando somoya oshisayo esivuthayo esivunguzayo ngokuvamile kungama-20 ~ 30% wenani lomoya oshisayo. Inani lemfucuza lincike enanini le-solvent esetshenzisiwe, umswakama womoya, kanye nokushisa kwehhavini. Cishe imfucuza engu-40 ~ 50m3 (eguqulwe yaba yizinga lokushisa legumbi) izokhishwa lapho kusetshenziswa i-solvent engu-1kg. Inani lemfucuza lingahlulelwa futhi ngesimo sokushisa kwesithando, ukumelana kokuklwebheka kwentambo ene-enamel kanye nokucwebezela kwentambo ene-enamel. Uma izinga lokushisa lesithando livaliwe isikhathi eside, kodwa inani lesibonakaliso sokushisa lisaphezulu kakhulu, kusho ukuthi ukushisa okukhiqizwa ukushiswa kwe-catalytic kufana noma kukhulu kunokushisa okudliwa ekushiseni okudliwayo ekomiseni ihhavini, futhi ukomiswa kwehhavini kuzobe kungalawuleki ekushiseni okuphezulu, ngakho-ke ukukhishwa kwemfucuza kufanele kwandiswe ngokufanele. Uma izinga lokushisa lesithando lishiswa isikhathi eside, kodwa isibonakaliso sokushisa singaphakeme, kusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kokushisa kukhulu kakhulu, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi inani lemfucuza ekhishwayo liningi kakhulu. Ngemva kokuhlolwa, inani lemfucuza ekhishwayo kufanele lincishiswe ngokufanele. Uma ukumelana kokuklwebheka kwentambo ene-enamel kuphansi, kungenzeka ukuthi umswakama wegesi esithandweni uphakeme kakhulu, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esimanzi ehlobo, umswakama emoyeni uphakeme kakhulu, futhi umswakama okhiqizwa ngemva kokushiswa kwe-catalytic komphunga we-solvent wenza umswakama wegesi esithandweni ube phezulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukukhishwa kwemfucuza kufanele kwandiswe. Iphuzu lamazolo legesi esithandweni alingaphezu kuka-25 ℃. Uma ukukhanya kwentambo ene-enamel kuphansi futhi kungakhanyi, kungase futhi kube ukuthi inani lemfucuza ekhishwayo lincane, ngoba izinto eziphansi zama-molecule eziqhekekile azikhishwa futhi zinamathele ebusweni befilimu yopende, okwenza ifilimu yopende ingcole.
Ukubhema kuyinto evamile embi esithandweni somlilo esivundlile. Ngokusho kwenkolelo-mbono yokungenisa umoya, igesi ihlala igeleza isuka endaweni enomfutho ophezulu iye endaweni enomfutho ophansi. Ngemva kokuba igesi esithandweni somlilo isishisiwe, ivolumu iyanda ngokushesha futhi ingcindezi ikhuphuke. Lapho ingcindezi enhle ivela esithandweni somlilo, umlomo wesithando uzobhema. Ivolumu yokukhipha umoya ingakhushulwa noma ivolumu yokunikezwa komoya ingancishiswa ukuze kubuyiselwe indawo yokucindezela engemihle. Uma kuphela ukuphela komlomo wesithando somlilo kubhema, kungenxa yokuthi ivolumu yokunikezwa komoya kulokhu inkulu kakhulu futhi ingcindezi yomoya yendawo iphakeme kunomfutho womoya, ngakho umoya owengeziwe awukwazi ukungena esithandweni somlilo usuka emlonyeni wesithando somlilo, wehlise ivolumu yokunikezwa komoya futhi wenze ingcindezi enhle yendawo inyamalale.

ukupholisa
Izinga lokushisa lentambo efakwe i-enamel kusuka kuhhavini liphezulu kakhulu, ifilimu ithambile kakhulu futhi amandla ayo mancane kakhulu. Uma ingapholiswanga ngesikhathi, ifilimu izolimala ngemuva kwesondo lokuqondisa, okuthinta ikhwalithi yentambo efakwe i-enamel. Uma ijubane lomugqa lihamba kancane, inqobo nje uma kunengxenye ethile yobude bokupholisa, intambo efakwe i-enamel ingapholiswa ngokwemvelo. Uma ijubane lomugqa lishesha, ukupholisa ngokwemvelo akukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo, ngakho-ke kumele kuphoqeleke ukuthi kuphole, ngaphandle kwalokho ijubane lomugqa alikwazi ukuthuthukiswa.
Ukupholisa umoya okuphoqelelwe kusetshenziswa kabanzi. Kusetshenziswa umshini wokufutha ukupholisa umugqa odlula emgudwini womoya kanye nomshini wokufutha. Qaphela ukuthi umthombo womoya kumele usetshenziswe ngemuva kokuhlanza, ukuze kugwenywe ukufutha ukungcola kanye nothuli ebusweni bentambo ehlanganisiwe bese kunamathela efilimini yopende, okuholela ezinkingeni zobuso.
Nakuba umphumela wokupholisa amanzi umuhle kakhulu, uzothinta ikhwalithi yocingo olufakwe enamel, wenze ifilimu iqukathe amanzi, inciphise ukumelana nokuklwebheka kanye nokumelana nokuncibilikisa kwefilimu, ngakho-ke ayifanele ukusetshenziswa.
ukuthambisa
Ukugcotshwa kwentambo ene-enamel kunomthelela omkhulu ekuqineni kokunamathela. I-lubricant esetshenziselwa intambo ene-enamel izokwazi ukwenza ubuso bentambo ene-enamel bube bushelelezi, ngaphandle kokulimaza intambo, ngaphandle kokuthinta amandla e-take-up reel kanye nokusetshenziswa komsebenzisi. Inani elifanele lamafutha ukuze kufezwe intambo ene-enamel ibushelelezi ngesandla, kodwa izandla aziboni uwoyela osobala. Ngokwesilinganiso, intambo ene-enamel engu-1m2 ingagcotshwa nge-1g yamafutha okugcoba.
Izindlela zokugcoba ezivamile zifaka: ukufaka uwoyela we-felt, ukufaka uwoyela wesikhumba senkomo kanye nokufaka uwoyela we-roller. Ekukhiqizeni, kukhethwa izindlela zokugcoba ezahlukene kanye nokugcoba okuhlukile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezahlukene zocingo oluhlanganisiwe enkambisweni yokugoqa.

Thatha
Inhloso yokwamukela nokuhlela ucingo ukugoqa ucingo olune-enamel njalo, ngokuqinile nangokulinganayo ku-spool. Kuyadingeka ukuthi indlela yokwamukela kufanele iqhutshwe kahle, ngomsindo omncane, ukucindezeleka okufanele kanye nokuhlelwa okuvamile. Ezinkingeni zekhwalithi yocingo olune-enamel, isilinganiso sokubuya ngenxa yokwamukelwa nokuhleleka okubi kocingo sikhulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi sibonakala ekuqineni okukhulu komugqa wokwamukela, ububanzi bocingo obudonswayo noma ukuqhuma kwediski yocingo; ukucindezeleka komugqa wokwamukela kuncane, umugqa okhululekile kukhoyili ubangela ukuphazamiseka komugqa, kanti ukuhlelwa okungalingani kubangela ukuphazamiseka komugqa. Nakuba iningi lalezi zinkinga libangelwa ukusebenza okungafanele, izinyathelo ezidingekayo nazo ziyadingeka ukuze kube lula kubasebenzisi abasebenzayo.
Ukuqina komugqa wokwamukela kubaluleke kakhulu, okulawulwa kakhulu yisandla somqhubi. Ngokusho kokuhlangenwe nakho, eminye imininingwane inikezwa kanje: umugqa oqondile ongaba ngu-1.0mm cishe u-10% wokuqina okungekona okwelulwa, umugqa ophakathi cishe u-15% wokuqina okungekona okwelulwa, umugqa omncane cishe u-20% wokuqina okungekona okwelulwa, kanti umugqa omncane cishe u-25% wokuqina okungekona okwelulwa.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunquma isilinganiso sejubane lomugqa kanye nesivinini sokwamukela ngokufanele. Ibanga elincane phakathi kwemigqa yokuhlelwa komugqa lizobangela kalula umugqa ongalingani kukhoyili. Ibanga lomugqa lincane kakhulu. Uma umugqa uvaliwe, imigqa yangemuva icindezelwa ngaphambili imibuthano eminingana yemigqa, ifinyelele ukuphakama okuthile bese iwa ngokuzumayo, ukuze indilinga yangemuva yemigqa icindezelwe ngaphansi kwesiyingi semigqa yangaphambilini. Uma umsebenzisi eyisebenzisa, umugqa uzophuka futhi ukusetshenziswa kuzothinteka. Ibanga lomugqa likhulu kakhulu, umugqa wokuqala nomugqa wesibili womugqa zisesimweni esiphambene, igebe phakathi kwentambo ene-enamel kukhoyili likhulu kakhulu, umthamo wethreyi yocingo uyancipha, futhi ukubonakala komugqa wokumboza akuhlelekile. Ngokuvamile, kuthreyi yocingo enomongo omncane, ibanga eliphakathi phakathi kwemigqa kufanele libe kathathu ububanzi bomugqa; kudiski yocingo enobubanzi obukhulu, ibanga eliphakathi kwezikhungo phakathi kwemigqa kufanele libe kathathu kuya kahlanu ububanzi bomugqa. Inani lokubhekisela lesilinganiso sejubane eliqondile lingu-1:1.7-2.
Ifomula yobuciko t= π (r+r) × l/2v × D × 1000
Isikhathi sokuhamba sendlela eyodwa somugqa ongu-T (min) r – ububanzi bepuleti eliseceleni le-spool (mm)
Ububanzi bebharele le-spool (mm) l – ibanga lokuvula le-spool (mm)
Isivinini sentambo engu-V (m/min) d – ububanzi bangaphandle bentambo ene-enamel (mm)

7, Indlela yokusebenza
Nakuba ikhwalithi yocingo olune-enamel incike kakhulu ekhwalithini yezinto zokusetshenziswa ezifana nopende nocingo kanye nesimo semishini nemishini, uma singabhekani ngokungathi sína nochungechunge lwezinkinga ezifana nokubhaka, ukubopha, isivinini kanye nobudlelwano bazo ekusebenzeni, singazi kahle ubuchwepheshe bokusebenza, singawenzi umsebenzi omuhle emsebenzini wokuvakasha kanye nokulungiselela ukupaka, singawenzi umsebenzi omuhle ekuhlanzeni kwenqubo, noma ngabe amakhasimende awanelisekile Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sihle kangakanani, asikwazi ukukhiqiza ucingo olune-enamel olusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngakho-ke, isici esibalulekile sokwenza umsebenzi omuhle wocingo olune-enamel umuzwa womthwalo wemfanelo.
1. Ngaphambi kokuqala umshini wokujikeleza komoya oshisayo osebenzisa i-catalytic combustion, ifeni kufanele ivulwe ukuze umoya osesithandweni ujikeleze kancane. Shisa isithando somlilo kanye nendawo yokuxhuma ngokushisa ngogesi ukuze izinga lokushisa lendawo yokuxhuma lifinyelele izinga lokushisa elibekiwe le-catalytic ignition.
2. “Ukuhlolisisa okuthathu” kanye “nokuhlola okuthathu” ekusebenzeni kokukhiqiza.
1) Kala njalo ifilimu yokupenda kanye ngehora, bese ulinganisa indawo engu-zero yekhadi le-micrometer ngaphambi kokulinganisa. Uma ulinganisa umugqa, ikhadi le-micrometer kanye nomugqa kufanele kugcine ijubane elifanayo, futhi umugqa omkhulu kufanele ulinganiswe ngezindlela ezimbili eziqondile.
2) Hlola njalo ukuhlelwa kwentambo, qaphela ukuhlelwa kwentambo emuva naphambili kanye nokuqina kokuqina, futhi ulungise ngesikhathi esifanele. Hlola ukuthi uwoyela wokugcoba ulungile yini.
3) Bheka njalo indawo engaphezulu, uvame ukubheka ukuthi ucingo olune-enamel lunezinhlayiya, ukuxebuka nezinye izinto ezimbi enqubweni yokumboza, thola izimbangela, bese ulungisa ngokushesha. Ngemikhiqizo enephutha emotweni, susa i-axle ngesikhathi esifanele.
4) Hlola ukusebenza, hlola ukuthi izingxenye ezisebenzayo zijwayelekile yini, naka ukuqina komgodi wokukhokha, futhi uvimbele ikhanda eligoqekayo, ucingo oluphukile kanye nobubanzi bentambo ukuthi bunganciphi.
5) Hlola izinga lokushisa, isivinini kanye ne-viscosity ngokwezidingo zenqubo.
6) Hlola ukuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa ziyahlangabezana yini nezidingo zobuchwepheshe enqubweni yokukhiqiza.
3. Ekukhiqizeni ucingo olune-enamel, kufanele kuqashelwe nezinkinga zokuqhuma nomlilo. Isimo somlilo simi kanje:
Okokuqala ukuthi lonke isithando somlilo sishiswe ngokuphelele, okuvame ukubangelwa ukuminyana okukhulu komhwamuko noma izinga lokushisa lengxenye yesithando somlilo; okwesibili ukuthi izintambo eziningana ziyasha ngenxa yokupenda okuningi ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa intambo. Ukuze kuvinjelwe umlilo, izinga lokushisa lesithando somlilo kufanele lilawulwe ngokuqinile futhi umoya womlilo wesithando somlilo kufanele ube bushelelezi.
4. Ukuhlelwa ngemva kokupaka
Umsebenzi wokuqeda ngemuva kokupaka ubhekisela kakhulu ekuhlanzeni iglue endala emlonyeni wesithando, ukuhlanza ithangi lokupenda kanye nesondo lokuqondisa, kanye nokwenza umsebenzi omuhle ekuhlanzeni imvelo ye-enameller kanye nendawo ezungezile. Ukuze ugcine ithangi lokupenda lihlanzekile, uma ungashayeli ngokushesha, kufanele umboze ithangi lokupenda ngephepha ukuze ugweme ukungcola.

Ukulinganiswa kwencazelo
Intambo enamel uhlobo lwekhebula. Ukucaciswa kwentambo enamel kuvezwa ububanzi bentambo yethusi engenalutho (iyunithi: mm). Ukukalwa kokucaciswa kwentambo enamel empeleni kungukulinganiswa kobubanzi bentambo yethusi engenalutho. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa i-micrometer, futhi ukunemba kwe-micrometer kungafinyelela ku-0. Kunezindlela zokulinganisa eziqondile kanye nendlela yokulinganisa engaqondile yokucaciswa (ububanzi) bentambo enamel.
Kukhona indlela yokulinganisa eqondile kanye nendlela yokulinganisa engaqondile yencazelo (ububanzi) yocingo olune-enamel.
Intambo enamel uhlobo lwekhebula. Incazelo yentambo enamel ivezwa ububanzi bentambo yethusi engenalutho (iyunithi: mm). Ukulinganiswa kwencazelo yentambo enamel empeleni kuwukulinganiswa kobubanzi bentambo yethusi engenalutho. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa i-micrometer, futhi ukunemba kwe-micrometer kungafinyelela ku-0.
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Intambo enamel uhlobo lwekhebula. Imininingwane yentambo enamel ivezwa ububanzi bentambo yethusi engenalutho (iyunithi: mm).
Intambo enamel uhlobo lwekhebula. Incazelo yentambo enamel ivezwa ububanzi bentambo yethusi engenalutho (iyunithi: mm). Ukulinganiswa kwencazelo yentambo enamel empeleni kuwukulinganiswa kobubanzi bentambo yethusi engenalutho. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa i-micrometer, futhi ukunemba kwe-micrometer kungafinyelela ku-0.
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Intambo enamel uhlobo lwekhebula. Imininingwane yentambo enamel ivezwa ububanzi bentambo yethusi engenalutho (iyunithi: mm). Ukulinganiswa kwemininingwane yentambo enamel empeleni kuwukulinganiswa kobubanzi bentambo yethusi engenalutho. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa i-micrometer, futhi ukunemba kwe-micrometer kungafinyelela ku-0.
Ukulinganiswa kwencazelo yentambo ehlanganisiwe empeleni kuwukulinganiswa kobubanzi bentambo yethusi engenalutho. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa i-micrometer, futhi ukunemba kwe-micrometer kungafinyelela ku-0.
Ukulinganiswa kwencazelo yentambo ehlanganisiwe empeleni kuwukulinganiswa kobubanzi bentambo yethusi engenalutho. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa i-micrometer, futhi ukunemba kwe-micrometer kungafinyelela ku-0
Intambo enamel uhlobo lwekhebula. Imininingwane yentambo enamel ivezwa ububanzi bentambo yethusi engenalutho (iyunithi: mm).
Intambo enamel uhlobo lwekhebula. Incazelo yentambo enamel ivezwa ububanzi bentambo yethusi engenalutho (iyunithi: mm). Ukulinganiswa kwencazelo yentambo enamel empeleni kuwukulinganiswa kobubanzi bentambo yethusi engenalutho. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa i-micrometer, futhi ukunemba kwe-micrometer kungafinyelela ku-0.
Kukhona indlela yokulinganisa eqondile kanye nendlela yokulinganisa engaqondile yencazelo (ububanzi) yocingo olune-enamel.
Ukulinganiswa kwencazelo yentambo ehlanganisiwe empeleni kuwukulinganiswa kobubanzi bentambo yethusi engenalutho. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa i-micrometer, futhi ukunemba kwe-micrometer kungafinyelela ku-0. Kunezindlela zokulinganisa eziqondile kanye nendlela yokulinganisa engaqondile yencazelo (ububanzi) yentambo ehlanganisiwe. Ukulinganisa okuqondile Indlela yokulinganisa eqondile ukukala ububanzi bentambo yethusi engenalutho ngqo. Intambo ehlanganisiwe kufanele ishiswe kuqala, bese kusetshenziswa indlela yomlilo. Ububanzi bentambo ehlanganisiwe esetshenziswa ku-rotor yemoto eqhutshwa ngochungechunge yamathuluzi kagesi buncane kakhulu, ngakho-ke kufanele ishiswe izikhathi eziningi ngesikhathi esifushane lapho kusetshenziswa umlilo, ngaphandle kwalokho ingase ishiswe futhi ithinte ukusebenza kahle.
Indlela yokulinganisa eqondile iwukulinganisa ububanzi bentambo yethusi engenalutho ngqo. Intambo ene-enamel kufanele ishiswe kuqala, bese kusetshenziswa indlela yomlilo.
Intambo enamel uhlobo lwekhebula. Imininingwane yentambo enamel ivezwa ububanzi bentambo yethusi engenalutho (iyunithi: mm).
Intambo enameyili uhlobo lwekhebula. Ukucaciswa kwentambo enameyili kuvezwa ububanzi bentambo yethusi engenalutho (iyunithi: mm). Ukukalwa kokucaciswa kwentambo enameyili empeleni kungukulinganiswa kobubanzi bentambo yethusi engenalutho. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa i-micrometer, futhi ukunemba kwe-micrometer kungafinyelela ku-0. Kunezindlela zokulinganisa eziqondile kanye nendlela yokulinganisa engaqondile yokucaciswa (ububanzi) bentambo enameyili. Ukukalwa okuqondile Indlela yokulinganisa eqondile ukukala ububanzi bentambo yethusi engenalutho ngqo. Intambo enameyili kufanele ishiswe kuqala, bese kusetshenziswa indlela yomlilo. Ububanzi bentambo enameyili esetshenziswa ku-rotor yemoto eqhutshwa ngochungechunge yamathuluzi kagesi buncane kakhulu, ngakho-ke kufanele ishiswe izikhathi eziningi ngesikhathi esifushane uma usebenzisa umlilo, kungenjalo ingashiswa futhi ithinte ukusebenza kahle. Ngemva kokushisa, hlanza upende oshisiwe ngendwangu, bese ulinganisa ububanzi bentambo yethusi engenalutho nge-micrometer. Ububanzi bentambo yethusi engenalutho kuyincazelo yentambo enameyili. Isibani sotshwala noma ikhandlela lingasetshenziswa ukushisa intambo enameyili. Ukukalwa okungaqondile
Ukulinganisa Okungaqondile Indlela yokulinganisa engaqondile iwukulinganisa ububanzi bangaphandle bentambo yethusi ehlanganisiwe (kufaka phakathi isikhumba esihlanganisiwe), bese kuba ngokwedatha yobubanzi bangaphandle bentambo yethusi ehlanganisiwe (kufaka phakathi isikhumba esihlanganisiwe). Le ndlela ayisebenzisi umlilo ukushisa intambo ehlanganisiwe, futhi isebenza kahle kakhulu. Uma ungazi imodeli ethile yentambo yethusi ehlanganisiwe, kunembile kakhulu ukuhlola imininingwane (ububanzi) bentambo ehlanganisiwe. [isipiliyoni] Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi indlela esetshenziswayo, inani lezimpande noma izingxenye ezahlukene kufanele lilinganiswe kathathu ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kokulinganisa.